| FM1-43 Photoconversion and Electron Microscopy Analysis at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction
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Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract] We developed a protocol for photoconversion of endocytic marker FM1-43 followed by electron microscopy analysis of synaptic boutons at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. This protocol allows detection of stained synaptic vesicle even when release rates are very low, such as during the spontaneous release mode. The preparations are loaded with the FM1-43 dye, pre-fixed, treated and illuminated to photoconvert the dye, and then processed for conventional electron microscopy. This procedure enables clear identification of stained synaptic vesicles at electron micrographs.
[摘要] 我们开发了内吞标记FM1-43的光转换方案，然后在果蝇神经肌肉接头处进行突触引物的电子显微镜分析。 即使在释放速率非常低时，例如在自发释放模式期间，该方案允许检测染色的突触小泡。 该制剂装载有FM1-43染料，经预先固定，处理和照射，以使染料转变为染料，然后进行常规电子显微镜处理。 该方法能够在电子显微照片下清楚鉴定染色的突触小泡。
【背景】神经元发射体通过突触小泡与神经元质膜的融合而释放。囊泡可以自发融合或响应动作电位。随后，囊泡通过内吞作用获得回收。通过分子生物学，电生理学和显微镜的工具广泛研究了突触小泡回收的分子机制（Slepnev和De Camilli，2000; Sudhof，2004; Rizzoli和Betz，2005; Kavalali，2006）。加载内参标记FM1-43与染料光转换耦合，然后进行电子显微镜分析是一种强大的技术，允许调查和测量回收囊泡池（Harata et al。，2001; Schikorski and Stevens，2001; Rizzoli和Betz， 2004）。果蝇神经肌肉接头（NMJ）是具有明确定义的突触引物的有利制剂，其能够快速产生具有突变突触蛋白的细胞系和严格评估囊泡回收池（Akbergenova和Bykhovskaia，2009; ...
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| Analysis of Phagosomal Antigen Degradation by Flow Organellocytometry
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Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract] Professional phagocytes internalize self and non-self particles by phagocytosis to initiate innate immune responses. After internalization, the formed phagosome matures through fusion and fission events with endosomes and lysosomes to obtain a more acidic, oxidative and hydrolytic environment for the degradation of its cargo. Interestingly, phagosome maturation kinetics differ between cell types and cell activation states. This protocol allows to quantify phagosome maturation kinetics on a single organelle level in different types of phagocytes using flow cytometry. Here, ovalbumin (OVA)-coupled particles are used as phagocytosis model system in dendritic cells (DC), which are internalized by phagocytosis. After different time points, phagosome maturation parameters, such as phagosomal ...
[摘要] 专业吞噬细胞通过吞噬作用内化自身和非自身颗粒以启动先天免疫应答。内化后，形成的吞噬体通过与内体和溶酶体的融合和裂变事件成熟，以获得更酸性，氧化和水解的环境用于其货物的降解。有趣的是，吞噬体成熟动力学在细胞类型和细胞活化状态之间不同。该协议允许使用流式细胞术定量不同类型的吞噬细胞中单个细胞器水平上的吞噬体成熟动力学。在这里，卵白蛋白（OVA）耦合的颗粒用作吞噬作用模型系统在树突状细胞（DC），其通过吞噬内化。在不同的时间点之后，吞噬体成熟参数，例如OVA的吞噬体降解和溶酶体蛋白（例如LAMP-1）的获得，可以通过流式细胞器细胞计数以高度定量的方式同时测量。这些读出可以与其他吞噬体功能相关，例如抗原降解，在DC中的加工和负载。
[背景] ...
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| Immunogold Labeling Analysis of Cell Wall Polysaccharides with Special Reference to (1;3,1;4)-β-D-glucan in Rice Cell Walls
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Author:
Date:
2016-03-05
[Abstract] Various types of cell wall compositions have evolved to fulfill a wide range of biological roles during the diversification of land plants. (1;3,1;4)-β-D-glucan (MLG) is a defining feature of the cell walls in the order Poales (Yokoyama and Nishitani, 2004), which has multiple functions associated with metabolic, growth, and defense systems. MLG is also a characteristic component of the matrix polysaccharides that undergo turnover and metabolism, depending on the tissue and the stage of development (Kido et al., 2015). Determining the extracellular localization of MLG is essential for elucidating its functions. Electron microscopy immunogold labeling analysis is a useful technique, which provides an accurate representation of the extracellular distribution of MLG. This strategy ...
[摘要] 各种类型的细胞壁组合物已经发展以在陆地植物的多样化过程中实现广泛的生物学作用。 （1; 3,1; 4）-β-D-葡聚糖（MLG）是Poales（Yokoyama和Nishitani，2004）中的细胞壁的定义特征，其具有与代谢，生长和防御相关的多种功能 系统。 MLG也是经历翻转和代谢的基质多糖的特征组分，这取决于组织和发育阶段（Kido等人，2015）。 确定MLG的细胞外定位对于阐明其功能是必要的。 电子显微镜免疫金标记分析是一种有用的技术，其提供MLG的细胞外分布的精确表示。 该策略也适用于各种细胞壁多糖，其在调节每种植物物种的生长和分化中具有关键作用。
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