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Glass wool

玻璃棉

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 18421
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Quantification of Salicylic Acid (SA) and SA-glucosides in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Homeostasis between the cytoplasmic plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and its’ inactive, vacuolar storage forms, SA-2-O-β-D-glucoside (SAG) and SA-β-D-Glucose Ester (SGE), regulates the fine-tuning of defense responses to biotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana. This protocol describes a simplified, optimized procedure to extract and quantify free SA and total hydrolyzable SA in plant tissues using a classical HPLC-based method. [摘要]  细胞质植物激素水杨酸(SA)与其无活性的液泡形式,SA-2-葡萄糖苷(SAG)和SA-β-D-葡萄糖酯之间的稳态 (SGE)规定了拟南芥中对营养性病原体防御反应的微调。 该协议描述了一种简化的优化程序,使用传统的基于HPLC的方法提取和定量植物组织中的游离SA和总可水解SA。

【背景】SA(2-羟基苯甲酸)是植物激素,其在叶绿体中响应于病原体攻击而合成。然后输出到细胞质中,在细胞质中建立局部和系统获得性抗性(SAR)。在广义方案中,植物对生物营养性病原体的抗性被认为是通过SA信号传导介导的,而对于坏死性病原体的抗性受茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯(ET)控制。 SA和JA / ET信号通路相互作用。 SA积累到高浓度是有毒的并导致细胞和组织损伤。因此,大多数病原体诱导的SA被UDP-葡糖基转移酶(UGT)糖基化以形成亲水的,无毒的SAG和SGE(Noutoshi等人,2012; George Thompson等人, 2017)。然后将SAG和SGE隔离在液泡中,在那里它们形成水解成活性SA的可重复使用的来源。因此,植物组织中增加的总SA(SA + SAG / ...

A Reliable Assay to Evaluate the Virulence of Aspergillus nidulans Using the Alternative Animal Model Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera)
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella has emerged as an effective heterologous host to study fungal pathogenesis and the efficacy of promising antifungal drugs (Mylonakis et al., 2005; Li et al., 2013). Here, a methodology describing the Aspergillus nidulans infection in G. mellonella larvae, along with insect survival analysis, is reported. This protocol allowed the distinction between virulent A. nidulans strains (such as TNO2A3), which induced high larval mortality rates, to those in which gene deletion was accompanied by reduced pathogenicity such as ∆gcsA and ∆sdeA (Fernandes et al., 2016). [摘要]  作为一种有效的异源宿主,越来越多的蜡蛾已经出现了一种有效的异源宿主,用于研究真菌发病机制和有希望的抗真菌药物的功效(Mylonakis等人,2005; Li& et al。2013)。这里,描述了一种描述构巢曲霉感染的方法。 mellonella 幼虫与昆虫存活分析一起报道。该协议允许区分有毒的 A。造成高幼虫死亡率的构巢组织菌株(如TNO2A3)与基因缺失伴随着致病性降低的病例如ΔGCA和ΔSAA(Fernandes 等人,2016)。

背景 -G。 mellonella 是一种廉价的模型,易于处理,其先天免疫反应与哺乳动物免疫系统分享功能相似性。此外,感染真菌突变菌株的幼虫和小鼠表现出相似的存活率(Brennan等人,2002)。因此,幼虫构成了一种方便的动物宿主,用于在真菌发病机理分析中代替脊椎动物的使用。尽管昆虫模型具有所有优点,但只有少数报告显示了G中曲霉菌感染的作用。蜡螟。该协议描述了一种有效的方法,用于分析G中的构巢曲霉发病机制。 mellonella 幼虫。

GC-MS-Based Analysis of Chloroform Extracted Suberin-Associated Root Waxes from Arabidopsis and Other Plant Species
Author:
Date:
2015-12-20
[Abstract]  The periderm and exodermis of taproots and tuberous taproots contain an extracellular lipid polymer, suberin, deposited in their cell walls. This polymer is intractable in organic solvents, and is co-deposited with chloroform-extractable waxes. These suberin-associated root waxes are typically composed of alkanes, primary alcohols, fatty acids, alkyl ferulates, alkyl caffeates, and alkyl coumarates (Espelie et al., 1980; Li et al., 2007; Kosma et al., 2015). They are believed to contribute to the diffusion barrier properties of suberized cell walls (Soliday et al., 1979), and possibly have other roles yet to be discovered. Here we describe a protocol to extract and analyze waxes associated with root suberin. This fraction of aliphatic components is ... [摘要]  子叶和块根状茎的外胚层和外皮含有沉积在其细胞壁中的细胞外脂质聚合物,软骨素。该聚合物在有机溶剂中难以处理,并与氯仿萃取蜡共沉积。这些软骨素相关的根蜡通常由烷烃,伯醇,脂肪酸,烷基阿魏酸酯,烷基咖啡酸酯和烷基香豆酸酯组成(Espelie等人,1980; Li等人,/em>,2007; Kosma ,,2015)。它们被认为有助于增加蜂窝细胞壁的扩散阻挡性能(Soliday等人,1979),并且可能具有尚待发现的其它作用。在这里我们描述一个协议,以提取和分析与根软骨素相关的蜡。该部分脂族组分通过在氯仿中全根浸提提取,然后化学改性以制备更适合于气相色谱分析的样品。该方案针对拟南芥进行优化,但可以与本文所述的其他植物的根一起使用。

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