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Author:
Date:
2015-11-20
[Abstract] While telomerase is expressed in ~90% of primary human tumors, most somatic tissue cells except transiently proliferating stem-like cells do not have detectable telomerase activity (Shay and Wright, 1996; Shay and Wright, 2001). Telomeres progressively shorten with each cell division in normal cells, including proliferating stem-like cells, due to the end replication (lagging strand synthesis) problem and other causes such as oxidative damage, therefore all somatic cells have limited cell proliferation capacity (Hayflick limit) (Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961; Olovnikov, 1973). The progressive telomere shortening eventually leads to growth arrest in normal cells, which is known as replicative senescence (Shay et al., 1991). Once telomerase is activated in cancer cells, telomere ...
[摘要] 虽然端粒酶在约90％的原发性人类肿瘤中表达，但除了瞬时增殖的干细胞样细胞之外，大多数体细胞组织细胞不具有可检测的端粒酶活性（Shay和Wright，1996; Shay和Wright，2001）。由于末端复制（滞后链合成）问题和其它原因例如氧化损伤，端粒在正常细胞中的每个细胞分裂（包括增殖的干细胞样细胞）逐渐缩短，因此所有体细胞具有有限的细胞增殖能力（Hayflick极限） （Hayflick和Moorhead，1961; Olovnikov，1973）。渐进性端粒缩短最终导致正常细胞中的生长停滞，其被称为复制衰老（Shay等人，1991）。一旦端粒酶在癌细胞中被激活，通过在染色体末端添加TTAGGG重复来稳定端粒长度，从而使细胞分裂无限延续（Shay和Wright，1996; Shay和Wright，2001）。因此，衰老和癌症之间的联系可以部分地解释端粒生物学。有许多快速和方便的方法来研究端粒生物学，例如端粒限制性片段（TRF），端粒重复扩增方案（Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol， TRAP）（Mender and Shay，2015b）和端粒功能障碍诱导Foci（TIF）分析 ...
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