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Sodium chloride (NaCl)

氯化钠

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: S5886
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A Novel Method to Construct Binary CRISPR Vectors for Plant Transformation by Single Round of PCR Amplification
Author:
Date:
2021-04-05
[Abstract]  

CRISPR/Cas9 is an established and flexible tool for genome editing. However, most methods used to generate expression clones for the CRISPR/Cas9 are time-consuming. Hence, we have developed a one-step protocol to introduce sgRNA expression cassette(s) directly into binary vectors (Liu et al., 2020). In this approach, we have optimized the multiplex PCR to produce an overlapping PCR product in a single reaction to generate the sgRNA expression cassette. We also amplified two sgRNA expression cassettes through a single round of PCR. Then, the sgRNA expression cassette(s) is cloned into the binary vectors in a Gateway LR or Golden gate reaction. The system reported here provides a much more efficient and simpler procedure to construct expression clones for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome

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[摘要]  [摘要] CRISPR / Cas9是一种成熟且灵活的基因组编辑工具。但是,大多数用于生成CRISPR / Cas9表达克隆的方法都很耗时。因此,我们开发了一种将sgRNA表达盒直接引入二元载体的一步协议(Liu等人,2020年)。在这种方法中,我们优化了多重PCR,以在单个反应中产生重叠的PCR产物,从而生成sgRNA表达盒。我们还通过单轮PCR扩增了两个sgRNA表达盒。然后,在Gateway LR或Golden gate反应中将sgRNA表达盒克隆到二元载体中。本文报道的系统为构建用于CRISPR / Cas9介导的基因组编辑的表达克隆提供了更有效,更简单的程序。在此协议中,我们描述了使用此系统的详细分步说明。


[背景]乙acteria保卫针对病毒通过蛋白系统,由群集规则间隔开的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)中,CRISPR相关(CAS)蛋白质,CRISPR的RNA(crRNAs)和反式编码crRNA(tracrRNA)。现在,研究人员已经将其系统开发为用于靶向基因组编辑的关键工具。CRISPR –二元载体表达两个元素–具有靶序列的sgRNA(target-sgRNA)和Cas9蛋白–切割靶基因组区域。冯等人。(2013年)已经构建了网关载体,通过农杆菌介导的转化在植物中共表达Cas9和sgRNA ...

Flow Cytometry Analysis and Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting of Myeloid Cells from Lung and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Mice
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted by aerosol and can cause serious bacterial infection in the lung that can be fatal if left untreated. Mtb is now the leading cause of death worldwide by an infectious agent. Characterizing the early events of in vivo infection following aerosol challenge is critical for understanding how innate immune cells respond to infection but is technically challenging due to the small number of bacteria that initially infect the lung. Previous studies either evaluated Mtb-infected cells at later stages of infection when the number of bacteria in the lung is much higher or used in vitro model systems to assess the response of myeloid cells to Mtb. Here, we describe a method that uses fluorescent bacteria, a high-dose aerosol ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)通过气溶胶传播,可引起严重的肺部细菌感染,如果不及时治疗,可能致命。Mtb现在已成为全球传染病致死的主要原因。表征气溶胶激发后体内感染的早期事件对于了解先天免疫细胞如何对感染做出反应至关重要,但由于最初会感染肺的细菌数量少,因此在技术上具有挑战性。先前的研究或者在肺部细菌数量高得多时在感染后期评估Mtb感染的细胞,或者在体外使用 评估骨髓细胞对Mtb反应的模型系统。在这里,我们介绍一种使用荧光细菌,大剂量气溶胶感染模型和流式细胞术跟踪气溶胶感染和荧光激活细胞分选(FACS)之后立即分离肺中Mtb感染细胞的方法,以分离幼稚的旁观者,和Mtb感染的细胞用于下游应用,包括RNA测序。该协议提供了在肺环境中监视Mtb感染和细胞特异性反应的能力,已知该环境可调节常驻和募集人群的功能。使用此协议,我们发现肺泡巨噬细胞通过上调受转录因子Nrf2调节并有害于细菌早期控制的细胞保护性转录反应,在体内对Mtb感染作出反应。

[背景 ] 气溶胶传播是结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染自然周期的关键组成部分,有助于细菌的毒性并导致其在肺部的独特感染模式(North ,1995;Riley 等,1995)。 ; Pai et ...

Purification of Rice Stripe Virus
Author:
Date:
2020-03-20
[Abstract]  Although many spherical and rod-shaped plant virus purification protocols are now available, only a few protocols on filamentous plant virus purification have been published. Here, we report a protocol for large-scale purification of Rice stripe virus (RSV) from RSV-infected rice tissues. RSV virions with high infectivity were first precipitated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) followed by pelleting through primary ultracentrifugation, ultracentrifugation in a glycerol cushion and ultracentrifugation in density gradient. The purified RSV virions can not only be viewed as filamentous particles under an electron microscope, but can also be acquired by insect vector through direct injection into insect body or through membrane feeding prior to transmission to rice plants. [摘要]  [摘要 ] 尽管现在可以使用许多球形和杆状植物病毒的纯化方案,但有关丝状植物病毒纯化的协议却只有少数。在这里,我们提出一个协议水稻的大规模纯化小号牛肚v IRUS 从RSV感染的水稻组织(RSV)。首先用聚乙二醇(PEG)沉淀具有高感染力的RSV 病毒颗粒,然后通过一次超速离心,在甘油垫层中超速离心和密度梯度超速离心沉淀。纯化的RSV 病毒体不仅可以在电子显微镜下观察为丝状颗粒,而且还可以通过昆虫载体直接注入昆虫体内或在送入水稻之前通过膜饲喂获得。

[背景 ] 许多purificatio n,用于球形和棒状病毒协议已被发表(安德烈é 等人,2002; BALKE 。等人,2018) 。这些协议都依赖于化学沉淀或密度梯度离心。但是,丝状病毒的纯化方案目前受到限制。

大米小号肚v 病毒属(RSV)是负链RNA病毒,属于属纤细病毒,订单Bunyavirales 。在许多东亚国家,RSV经常对水稻生产造成严重损害(Whitfield 等,2015; Liu 等,2018)。与生产球状和包膜病毒体的Bunyavirales 顺序中的其他成员不同,RSV 病毒体是丝状的。然而,RSV基因组编码在纯化的RSV 病毒体中未发现的糖蛋白(Toriyama,19 86; Lu 等人,2019)。已知RSV ...

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