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Surgical Scalpel Blade No.22

外科手术刀刀片No.22

Company: Swann Morton
Catalog#: 0308
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Isolation of Rodent Brain Vessels
Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract]  The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing worldwide. Cerebrovascular disorders and/or conditions known to affect brain vasculature, such as diabetes, are well-known risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the evaluation of the brain vasculature is of great importance to better understand the mechanisms underlying brain damage. We established a protocol for the isolation of brain vessels from rodents. This is a simple, non-enzymatic isolation protocol that allows us to perform comparative studies in different animal models of disease, helping understand the impact of several pathological conditions on brain vasculature and how those alterations predispose to neurodegenerative conditions. [摘要]  全世界神经退行性疾病的发病率正在增加。 已知会影响脑血管系统的脑血管疾病和/或病症,如糖尿病,是神经变性疾病的众所周知的危险因素。 因此,脑血管系统的评估对于更好地了解脑损伤的机制是非常重要的。 我们建立了从啮齿动物分离脑血管的方案。 这是一个简单的非酶分离方案,允许我们在不同的疾病动物模型中进行比较研究,帮助了解几种病理状况对脑血管系统的影响以及这些改变如何易于发生神经退行性疾病。
【背景】大脑高度依赖于通过庞大的血管网络到达的氧气和营养物质的不断供应。主要由微血管内皮细胞组成的血脑屏障(BBB),其包括脑内微血管以及周围结构,包括周细胞,星形胶质细胞和基底膜(Saraiva等,2016; Librizzi等,2017),保证控制稳态环境,保持脑细胞的健康。因此,研究如何干扰脑血管系统完整性的某些病理学是非常重要的。事实上,临床,成像,流行病学和神经病理学研究的有力证据证实了过去二十年来,脑血管疾病的存在在阿尔茨海默病(AD)和其他与衰老有关的痴呆中具有关键作用(Chui et al。,2006; Schneider et al。,2007; Gorelick et al。,2011; Wharton et al。,2011; Yarchoan et al。,2012; Bennett et al。,2013; DeCarli,2013; Toledo et ...

Shikimate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase (HCT) Activity Assays in Populus nigra
Author:
Date:
2013-11-20
[Abstract]  Lignin is a complex phenolic polymer deposited in secondarily-thickened plant cell walls. The polymer is mainly derived from the three primary monolignols: p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol which give rise to p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl units (H, G and S units, respectively) when coupled into the polymer. The building blocks differ in their degree of methoxylation and their biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by more than 10 enzymes. HCT plays a crucial role by channeling the phenylpropanoids towards the production of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. Interestingly, HCT has been reported to be implicated in the pathway both upstream and downstream of the 3-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring of p-coumaroyl shikimate (Figure 1) (Hoffmann et al., ... [摘要]  木质素是沉积在二次增厚的植物细胞壁中的复杂酚类聚合物。聚合物主要衍生自当偶联时产生对羟基苯基,愈创木基和紫丁香基单元(分别为H,G和S单元)的三种主要单独的木质素:p - 香豆酰基,松柏基和芥子醇进入聚合物。结构单元的甲氧基化程度不同,它们的生物合成途径被超过10种酶催化。 HCT通过将苯丙素类导向松柏醇和芥子醇的生产来发挥关键作用。有趣的是,据报道,HCT涉及p - 香豆酰基莽草酸的芳环的3-羟基化的上游和下游途径(图1)(Hoffmann等, 2003; Hoffmann等人,2004; Vanholme等人,2013b)。这些特征突出了开发在植物中可靠地测量HCT活性的测定法的重要性。在这里,我们描述了基于UPLC-MS的方法,用于分析黑曲霉的木质部总蛋白提取物中的HCT活性,其可以适用于其他木本和草本植物物种。该方案最初在Vanholme等人(2013a)中描述。

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