| A Method for Extracting the Nuclear Scaffold from the Chromatin Network
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract] Each cell contains many large DNA polymers packed in a nucleus of approx. 10 μm in diameter. With histones, these DNA polymers are known to form chromatins. How chromatins further compact in the nucleus is unclear but it inevitably depends on an extensive non-chromatin nuclear scaffold. Imaging of endogenous chromatin network and the complementary scaffold that support this network has not been achieved but biochemical and proteomic investigations of the scaffold can still provide important insights into this chromatin-organizing network. However, this demands highly inclusive and reproducible extraction of the nuclear scaffold. We have recently developed a simple protocol for releasing the scaffold components from chromatins. The inclusiveness of the extract was testified by the ...
[摘要] 每个细胞都含有许多大型DNA聚合物，其中包含大约一个核。直径10微米。用组蛋白，已知这些DNA聚合物形成染色质。染色质在核中如何进一步致密还不清楚，但它不可避免地依赖于广泛的非染色质核支架。内源性染色质网络的成像和支持该网络的互补支架尚未实现，但支架的生化和蛋白质组学研究仍然可以提供关于该染色质组织网络的重要见解。但是，这需要高度包容和可重复的提取核支架。我们最近开发了一个简单的协议，用于从染色质中释放脚手架组件。提取物的包容性由以下观察结果证实：当从核中提取时，剩余的核染色质被释放为延伸且通常平行的染色质纤维。基本上，该方案包括纯核的产生，用Triton X-100处理细胞核以产生包膜消耗的细胞核（TxN），并在含蔗糖的缓冲液中在500mM NaCl中提取细胞核。 TxN的这个组合提取被称为TxNE。
【背景】通过蛋白质和核糖核蛋白的复杂支架，染色质在细胞核中密集并动态地压缩。与细胞骨架网络不同（Fischer和Fowler，2015），对这种核支架的显微观察在技术上是具有挑战性的。这可能反映了每个细胞核内染色质的主导地位，支架与细胞核交织在一起。核的球形排列也对成像这种支架结构造成挑战。核支架的主要元素是核层（NL）（Gruenbaum和Foisner，2015）。 ...
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| Assessment of Cellular Redox State Using NAD(P)H Fluorescence Intensity and Lifetime
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Author:
Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract] NADH and NADPH are redox cofactors, primarily involved in catabolic and anabolic metabolic processes respectively. In addition, NADPH plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defence. In live cells and tissues, the intensity of their spectrally-identical autofluorescence, termed NAD(P)H, can be used to probe the mitochondrial redox state, while their distinct enzyme-binding characteristics can be used to separate their relative contributions to the total NAD(P)H intensity using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). These protocols allow differences in metabolism to be detected between cell types and altered physiological and pathological states.
[摘要] NADH和NADPH分别是分解代谢和合成代谢过程的氧化还原辅因子。此外，NADPH在细胞抗氧化防御中起着重要作用。在活细胞和组织中，其光谱相同的自发荧光（称为NAD（P）H）的强度可用于探测线粒体氧化还原状态，而其不同的酶结合特征可用于将其相对贡献与总共分离使用荧光寿命成像显微镜（FLIM）的NAD（P）H强度。这些方案允许在细胞类型和改变的生理和病理状态之间检测代谢的差异。
背景 氧化还原辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）及其磷酸化对应物NADPH的还原形式本质上是荧光的，两者都吸收波长为340（±30）nm并在460（±50）nm处发射的光（Patterson等人。，2000）。这些光谱特征在氧化成NAD（上标+）或NADP（superson），（2007））时损失。单独的NAD和NADP池的氧化还原平衡决定了对比的代谢过程（Ying，2008），如图1所示。NAD作为电子受体，用于通过三羧酸氧化线粒体中的糖，脂质和氨基酸底物（TCA）循环，并作为内线粒体膜（IMM）上的电子传递链（ETC）的电子供体，促使将质子泵送到膜间隙中，作为合成三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的电源，通过F 1 F 0 O 3 ATP合成酶（Osellame等人，2012）。因此，线粒体中NADH与NAD + 的平衡反映了TCA循环与ETC活性的平衡。 ...
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| Isolation of Murine Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (mASCs) and the Analysis of Their Proliferation in vitro
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract] Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, perivascular cells which support hematopoiesis and are thought to participate in tissue repair in vivo. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues and organs and are defined in vitro as plastic adherent cells expressing CD73, CD90, CD105 (human MSCs) or CD29, CD44, sca-1 (murine MSCs) which can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts and myocytes. MSCs possess potent immunomodulatory and trophic capacities in vitro and in vivo and have thus emerged as a promising treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The use of MSCs for human disease relies on the injection of a large number of cells and much effort has been focused on acquiring MSCs with high proliferative capacity. Thus, ...
[摘要] 间充质基质细胞（MSC）是非造血的血管周围细胞，其支持造血并且被认为在体内参与组织修复。 MSC可以从各种组织和器官中分离并在体外定义为表达CD73，CD90，CD105（人MSC）或CD29，CD44，sca-1（鼠MSC）的塑性贴壁细胞，其可以分化成骨细胞，脂肪细胞，软骨细胞和肌细胞。 MSC在体外具有强的免疫调节和营养能力，并且在体内具有强的免疫调节能力，因此已经成为炎症/自身免疫疾病的有希望的治疗。 MSC对人类疾病的使用依赖于大量细胞的注射，并且许多努力已经集中在获得具有高增殖能力的MSC。因此，建立简单和准确的测定MSC增殖的协议对于基础研究和应用研究都是重要的。目前的方案提供了关于如何使用xCELLigence系统和CellTiter-Blue试剂（Carrillo-Galvez等人，）分离和测量源自腹股沟和/或腹内脂肪组织（mASCs）的鼠MSC的增殖的细节>，2015; Anderson ，，2013）。下面描述的方案也可以容易地翻译成人MSC。
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