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Company: Cytiva
Catalog#: 63-0034-79
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RNA Capping by Transcription Initiation with Non-canonical Initiating Nucleotides (NCINs): Determination of Relative Efficiencies of Transcription Initiation with NCINs and NTPs
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Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  It recently has been established that adenine-containing cofactors, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and 3’-desphospho-coenzyme A (dpCoA), can serve as ‘non-canonical initiating nucleotides’ (NCINs) for transcription initiation by bacterial and eukaryotic cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) and that the efficiency of the reaction is determined by promoter sequence (Bird et al., 2016). Here we describe a protocol to quantify the relative efficiencies of transcription initiation using an NCIN vs. transcription initiation using a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) for a given promoter sequence. [摘要]  最近已经确定,含有腺嘌呤的辅因子,包括烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD +),还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和3'-脱磷酸辅酶A(dpCoA)可以作为“非规范起始核苷酸” NCIN),用于通过细菌和真核细胞RNA聚合酶(RNAP)进行转录起始,并且通过启动子序列确定反应的效率(Bird等,2016)。 在这里,我们描述了使用NCIN与使用三磷酸核苷(NTP)对于给定启动子序列的转录起始来定量转录起始的相对效率的方案。
【背景】在细菌,古细菌和真核生物中的转录由序列,结构和机制保守的多亚基RNA聚合酶(RNAPs)进行(Ebright,2000; Lane和Darst,2010)。为了启动转录,RNAP与一个或多个引发因子一起结合称为“启动子”的特异性DNA序列,并解开启动子DNA以形成含有未解链“转录泡”的RNAP启动子开放复合物(RPo)(图1A; Ruff等人,2015)。 RNAP然后通过扩增(“剔除”)或收缩(“抗锯齿”)转录起始点来选择转录起始位点,以将转录起始位点的核苷酸置于RNAP活性中心起始位点(“i位点”)和扩增位点'i + 1位点')结合i位点的互补起始核苷酸底物和“i + 1”位点的互补延伸底物,并催化磷酸二酯键形成产生初始RNA产物(Winkelman等, 2016)。
在标准的从头转录启动中,起始底物是核苷三磷酸(NTP),通常为ATP或GTP(Nickels ...

[14C]-Tryptophan Metabolic Tracing in Liver Cancer Cells
Author:
Date:
2015-09-05
[Abstract]  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for many NAD+-consuming proteins with diverse biological functions. Oscillations in NAD+ levels may influence several cellular signaling pathways. NAD+ synthesis via Preiss-Handler route (salvage reactions) has been extensively reported. However, the contribution of L-tryptophan/kynurenine catabolism in de novo NAD+ synthesis is poorly understood. Using L-[14C]-tryptophan tracing in four liver cancer cell lines and siRNA-mediated silencing of arylformamidase (AFMID), a key enzyme involved in L-tryptophan degradation, we demonstrate the contribution of L-tryptophan catabolism in de novo synthesis of NAD+ pools. NAD+ modulation is therefore important in ... [摘要]  烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD + )是许多具有不同生物功能的NAD +消耗蛋白的辅酶。 NAD + 水平的振荡可能影响几种细胞信号传导途径。 通过Preiss-Handler途径(补救反应)的NAD +合成已被广泛报道。 然而,对L-色氨酸/犬尿氨酸分解代谢在从头NAD +合成中的贡献知之甚少。 在四种肝癌细胞系中使用L- [14 C] - 色氨酸示踪和siRNA介导的芳基甲酰胺酶(AFMID)的沉默,其是参与L-色氨酸降解的关键酶,我们证明L-色氨酸分解代谢在从头合成中的贡献 NAD + 池。 因此,NAD + 调节在维持细胞稳态和根据营养物可用性的适当的细胞功能中是重要的。

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