{{'Search' | translate}}
 

1-Thioglycerol

1-硫代甘油

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: M1753
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells) and Embryonic Stem Cells (ES Cells) into Dendritic Cell (DC) Subsets
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are engineered stem cells, which exhibit properties very similar to embryonic stem cells (ES cells; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2016). Both iPS cells and ES cells have an extraordinary self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into all cell types of our body, including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and dendritic cells (DC) derived thereof. This makes iPS cells particularly well suited for studying molecular mechanisms of diseases, drug discovery and regenerative therapy (Grskovic et al., 2011; Bellin et al., 2012; Robinton and Daley, 2012).

DC are the major antigen presenting cells of the immune system and thus they are key players in modulating and directing immune responses (Merad et al., 2013). DC ...
[摘要]  诱导的多能干细胞(iPS细胞)是工程干细胞,其表现出与胚胎干细胞(ES细胞,Takahashi和Yamanaka,2016)非常相似的性质。 iPS细胞和ES细胞都具有非凡的自我更新能力,可以分化成我们身体的所有细胞类型,包括造血干细胞/祖细胞和源自其的树突状细胞(DC)。这使得iPS细胞特别适用于研究疾病,药物发现和再生治疗的分子机制(Grskovic等人,2011; Bellin等人,2012; Robinton和Daley,2012)。
  DC是免疫系统的主要抗原呈递细胞,因此它们是调节和引导免疫应答的关键参与者(Merad等人,2013)。 DC巡逻外周和界面组织(例如,肺,肠和皮肤)以检测入侵的病原体,并且在激活时,它们迁移到淋巴结以激活和引发淋巴细胞。
  DC包含具有功能专门子集的表型异质家族(Schlitzer和Ginhoux,2014)。通常,经典DC(cDC)和浆细胞样DC(pDC)是分别表现出典型的和等离子体细胞样的DC形态。 cDC识别许多病原体并在激活后分泌促炎细胞因子,而pDC专门检测细胞内病原体并分泌I型干扰素(Merad等,2013; Schlitzer和Ginhoux,2014)。在被称为CD141 Clec9a + cDC1和CD1c + ...

Protein Expression Protocol for an Adenylate Cyclase Anchored by a Vibrio Quorum Sensing Receptor
Author:
Date:
2017-01-20
[Abstract]  The direct regulation of a mycobacterial adenylate cyclase (Rv1625c) via exchange of its membrane anchor by the quorum sensing receptor CqsS (Vibrio harveyi) has recently been reported (Beltz et al., 2016). This protocol describes the expression and membrane preparation for these chimeric proteins. [摘要]  最近报道了通过其群岛感应受体CqsS(Vibrio harveyi)交换其膜锚定点直接调节分枝杆菌腺苷酸环化酶(Rv1625c)(Beltz等,2016)。 该方案描述了这些嵌合蛋白的表达和膜制备。
【背景】膜分隔的哺乳动物腺苷酸环化酶(AC)是IIIa类AC。调节是间接通过第一信使细胞外刺激G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)而在细胞内释放的刺激(或抑制性)Gα-蛋白。 AC产生使用ATP作为底物的通用第二信使cAMP。脊椎动物AC中两个六角膜结构域的大小远远超过了对简单膜锚固的要求。然而,这种内在的膜锚定/受体结构域的调节特征是未知的。为了研究潜在的功能,选择了可以容易地在细菌中表达的分类细菌的典型类IIIa AC Rv1625c(Guo等人,2001和2005)与哺乳动物AC同工型相反。我们用来自哈维氏弧菌CqsS的六价体积感知(QS)受体的受体结构域取代了Rv1625c AC的六角膜锚,以检查我们是否可以通过QS配体的霍乱自动诱导剂直接调节AC -1',CAI-1。 QS受体和IIIa类膜锚的设计是非常相似的,即最小的跨膜α-螺旋和极短的连接环。
我们已经证明了通过细胞外信号直接调节IIIa ...

Optical Clearing Using SeeDB
Author:
Date:
2014-02-05
[Abstract]  We describe a water-based optical clearing agent, SeeDB (See Deep Brain), which clears fixed brain samples in a few days without quenching many types of fluorescent dyes, including fluorescent proteins and lipophilic neuronal tracers. SeeDB is a saturated solution of fructose (80.2% w/w) in water with 0.5% α-thioglycerol. In standard SeeDB optical clearing procedure, we treat paraformaldehyde-fixed embryo and brain samples with increasing concentrations of aqueous fructose solutions, and finally equilibrate them in SeeDB. The entire procedure takes approximately three days. Unlike previous methods, this method maintains a constant sample volume during the clearing procedure, an important factor to keep cellular morphology intact. After optical clearing, we can reach > 1,000 μm under ... [摘要]  我们描述了一种水基光学清除剂,SeeDB(参见深脑),其在几天内清除固定的脑样品,而不淬灭许多类型的荧光染料,包括荧光蛋白和亲脂性神经元示踪剂。 SeeDB是果糖(80.2%w/w)在含有0.5%α-硫代甘油的水中的饱和溶液。在标准的SeeDB光学清除程序中,我们用增加浓度的果糖水溶液处理多聚甲醛固定的胚胎和脑样品,并且最后在SeeDB中平衡它们。整个过程大约需要三天。与以前的方法不同,该方法在清除过程中保持恒定的样品体积,这是保持细胞形态完整的重要因素。光学清除后,我们可以达到>在共聚焦显微镜下为1,000μm。当与双光子显微镜结合时,SeeDB允许我们以毫米级别水平成像固定的小鼠大脑。这种方法有助于全面和定量分析理解神经元电路,在成人和发展中国家的小鼠大脑。还提供了SeeDB变体(参见DB37)和优化的程序(见DBp和SeeDB37ht协议)以满足特定要求。

Comments