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Cover Glasses: Circles

Fisherbrand TM封面眼镜:仅适用于联邦政府客户的GSA / VA合同。

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 12-545-81
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Microglial Phagocytosis Assay
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Phagocytosis is essential for microglial clearance of apoptotic cells, extracellular protein aggregates, and infectious bacteria in the central nervous system (CNS). While the preparation of primary microglial culture has been described elsewhere, this protocol describes the microglial phagocytosis experimental procedure and the subsequent measurement of microglial phagocytic ability using fluorescent latex beads or fluorescent amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) peptides. [摘要]  吞噬作用对于中枢神经系统(CNS)中细胞凋亡细胞,细胞外蛋白质聚集体和感染性细菌的小胶质细胞清除至关重要。 虽然其他地方已经描述了原代小胶质细胞培养物的制备,但是该方案描述了小胶质细胞吞噬实验程序和随后使用荧光乳胶珠或荧光淀粉样蛋白β42(Aβ42)肽测量小胶质细胞吞噬能力。
【背景】小神经胶质细胞在中枢神经系统(CNS)中起多重作用。刺激后,小胶质细胞呈现复杂的炎症反应,包括改变的基因表达和形态变化(Heneka等,2014; Cunningham,2013)。细胞因子是通过活化的小胶质细胞改变的表达分子列表中的关键的蛋白质簇。通过在星形胶质细胞,神经元和其他脑细胞类型上表达的有效的信号传导能力的细胞因子受体,小胶质细胞传达,募集和协调炎性事件(Smith等,2012)。除了细胞因子分泌,吞噬细胞,其涉及小胶质细胞的形态学变化,也增加了他们作为CNS环境中环境稳态监护人的作用。病原体的小胶质细胞吞噬作用,细胞外蛋白质聚集体和凋亡细胞碎片抑制炎症和保护神经元(Fu et al。,2014)。除致病条件外,小神经胶质细胞吞噬也通过消除非功能性突触参与CNS发育和突触发生。缺乏或过量的小神经胶质细胞吞噬能力可导致突触连接异常和聚集蛋白沉积(Schafer et al。,2012; Lian et ...

Ear Inflammation and Whole-mount Ear Staining
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract]  The recruitment of circulating neutrophils from the bloodstream to the site of inflammation represents one of the earliest events during an innate immune response. During this response, neutrophils tether and roll along the vessel walls before transmigrating across the endothelium into the interstitial space to exert their functions. Here, we describe a protocol for the staining of intravascular and tissue-localized neutrophils following contact sensitization of the skin with croton oil. Visualization of the neutrophilic distribution in skin provides for a better interpretation of the local immune response. [摘要]  循环嗜中性粒细胞从血流中募集到炎症部位代表先天免疫反应期间的最早期事件之一。在这种反应期间,嗜中性粒细胞在通过内皮迁移到间质空间以发挥其功能之前沿血管壁束缚和滚动。在这里,我们描述染色的血管内和组织定位中性粒细胞皮肤与巴豆油接触致敏后的协议。皮肤中嗜中性粒细胞分布的可视化提供了局部免疫应答的更好解释。

[背景] 炎症后中性粒细胞分布在皮肤中的表征代表了理解其专门功能的重要途径。即使通过流式细胞术广泛表征嗜中性粒细胞在炎症皮肤中的募集(Hampton等人,2015; Stock em 。,2014),这种技术提供有限的洞察中性粒细胞的血管内与间质定位。再循环和组织定位中性粒细胞展示不同的表型和功能,这使得他们的歧视需要识别当地免疫反应的关键参与者。随着活体显微镜(IVM)的发展,使得荧光标记的免疫细胞在体内的直接可视化成为可能。然而,由于IVM的高成本,这种强大的成像工具对研究人员的可访问性是有限的。在这里,我们提出了高分辨率静电成像的中性粒细胞在皮肤中使用成本效益试剂和通常可用的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜的替代协议。

Autophagy Assays (LC3B immunofluorescence, LC3B western blot, acridine orange assay)
Author:
Date:
2013-12-20
[Abstract]  Autophagy is a dynamic cellular event that is involved in the degradation of long lived proteins and organelles in cells. Biochemical methods such as western blot to measure autophagic proteins have been increasingly used in autophagy studies because it is convenient and objective. Among them, the total amount of Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), the mammalian homologue of the autophagy-related Atg8 in yeast, is a very useful and most commonly used tool in autophagy studies. Other methods such as electron microscopy and immunofluorescence are also available to measure autophagy. The following protocol describes three simple and commonly used protocols for measuring autophagy in cells: LC3B immunofluorescence, western blot and acridine orange assay. Although these three ... [摘要]  自噬是参与细胞中长寿蛋白和细胞器的降解的动态细胞事件。生物化学方法如蛋白质印迹测量自噬蛋白已被越来越多地用于自噬研究,因为它是方便和客观的。其中,微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3),酵母中自噬相关Atg8的哺乳动物同源物的总量是自噬研究中非常有用和最常用的工具。其他方法如电子显微镜和免疫荧光也可用于测量自噬。以下方案描述了用于测量细胞中自噬的三种简单且常用的方案:LC3B免疫荧光,western印迹和吖啶橙测定。虽然这三种方法经常用于提供关于自噬的基本信息,但是人们应该记住,由于这种动态过程的复杂性,它们不足以给出关于自噬通量的确切细节。此外,吖啶橙测定法仅是检测自噬的补充方法,因为其也对其他细胞器如溶酶体具有高亲和力。对于化合物对自噬通量的影响的进一步研究,推荐另外的和更复杂的测定。这里的协议提供了一个起点,人们得到一个化合物是否可以影响组织培养细胞自噬的快照。

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