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Chloroform

氯仿
Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: C607-4
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Rapid Determination of Cellulose, Neutral Sugars, and Uronic Acids from Plant Cell Walls by One-step Two-step Hydrolysis and HPAEC-PAD
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract]  The plant cell wall is primarily composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The structural and compositional complexity of these components are important for determining cell wall function during plant growth. Moreover, cell wall structure defines a number of functional properties of plant-derived biomass, such as rheological properties of foods and feedstock suitability for the production of cellulosic biofuels. A typical characterization of cell wall chemistry in the molecular biology lab consists of a mild acid hydrolysis for the quantification of hemicellulose and pectin-derived monomers and a separate analysis of cellulose by the Updegraff method. We have adopted a streamlined ‘one-step two-step’ hydrolysis protocol that allows for the simultaneous ... [摘要]  植物细胞壁主要由多糖纤维素，半纤维素和果胶组成。这些组分的结构和组成复杂性对于确定植物生长期间的细胞壁功能是重要的。此外，细胞壁结构限定了植物来源的生物质的多种功能性质，例如食品的流变性质和用于生产纤维素生物燃料的原料适用性。分子生物学实验室中细胞壁化学的典型表征包括用于定量半纤维素和果胶衍生单体的温和酸水解和通过Updegraff方法对纤维素的单独分析。我们采用了一个简化的"一步两步"水解方案，允许通过配对的脉冲安培检测（HPAEC-PAD）的高效阴离子交换层析同时测定纤维素含量，中性糖和糖醛酸样品。在我们的工作中，该方案已经在很大程度上替代了Updegraff纤维素定量和用2μMTFA水解以在微量级上测定基质多糖组成。

[背景] 是基于在121℃下在4％（w/v）硫酸中水解的样品的配对分析。一组样品首先用72％（w/w）硫酸预处理以使纤维素膨胀并使其易于稀释酸水解（图1中的Saeman水解; ...

Establishment of a Fusarium graminearum Infection Model in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Floral Tissues
Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract]  Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum), oats (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which targets the floral tissues and thereby adversely impacts grain yield and quality. Mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum further limit the consumability of infected grain. In the laboratory, F. graminearum also has the ability to colonize both leaves and inflorescence tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction between A. thaliana and F. graminearum makes available a large array of genetic and molecular tools to study the interaction between plants and F. graminearum to elucidate plant genes and pathways that contribute to resistance, ... [摘要]  禾谷镰刀菌（Fg）是小麦（小麦），燕麦（ Avena sativa ）和大麦镰刀菌 ），其针对花组织，从而不利地影响谷物产量和质量。由F生产的霉菌毒素。禾谷镰菌进一步限制了感染谷物的消耗性。在实验室，F。禾谷镰刀菌也具有定居拟南芥的叶和花序组织的能力。 A之间的交互。 thaliana 和 F。禾谷镰刀菌（graminearum）提供了大量遗传和分子工具来研究植物和真菌之间的相互作用。禾本科（Graminearum）来阐明植物基因和促进抗性的途径，以及研究真菌如何靶向植物基因和促进疾病的机制。下面描述的方法允许有效地感染拟南芥叶和花序，以及评价疾病进展和真菌生长。拟南芥中的病害传播可以通过叶组织的萎黄病和花序组织的包括真菌团块在花序组织表面上的病害表型的视觉观察来容易地监测。可以通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和定量实时PCR（qPCR）测量宿主组织中的Fg DNA的相对量来进一步监测真菌生长。

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