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Petri Dish (100 mm × 15 mm)

Fisherbrand TM培养皿和透明盖子

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: FB0875713
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Expression and Analysis of Flow-regulated Ion Channels in Xenopus Oocytes
Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract]  Mechanically-gated ion channels play key roles in mechanotransduction, a process that translates physical forces into biological signals. Epithelial and endothelial cells are exposed to laminar shear stress (LSS), a tangential force exerted by flowing fluids against the wall of vessels and epithelia. The protocol outlined herein has been used to examine the response of ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes to LSS (Hoger et al., 2002; Carattino et al., 2004; Shi et al., 2006). The Xenopus oocyte is a reliable system that allows for the expression and chemical modification of ion channels and regulatory proteins (George et al., 1989; Palmer et al., 1990; Sheng et al., 2001; Carattino et al., 2003). ... [摘要]  机械门控离子通道在机械传导中起关键作用,这是将物理力量转化为生物信号的过程。 上皮细胞和内皮细胞暴露于层流剪切应力(LSS),这是通过流体流向血管壁和上皮细胞壁所施加的切向力。 本文概述的方案已用于检查在非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中表达的离子通道对LSS的反应(Hoger等,2002; Carattino等,2004; Shi等,2006)。 非洲爪蟾卵母细胞是允许离子通道和调节蛋白的表达和化学修饰的可靠系统(George等,1989; Palmer等,1990; Sheng等,2001; Carattino等,2003)。 因此,该技术适用于研究允许流激活通道响应LSS的分子机制。
【背景】排列血管的泌尿道和内皮细胞的上皮细胞经受移动流体引起的机械力。这些力是层流剪切应力(LSS),与管状结构壁相切的摩擦力,以及垂直于流动方向的周向拉伸。令人信服的证据表明,LSS是响应肾和血管管状结构的流动变化而观察到的生理反应的主要决定因素(Satlin等,2001; Liu等,2003; Weinbaum等,2010) 。在这些设置中,离子通道具有将流体剪切应力传递到生物信号中的重要作用(Ranade等,2015)。例如,在肾的远端肾单位中,Na +再吸收和K ...

Axonal Conduction Velocity Measurement
Author:
Date:
2017-03-05
[Abstract]  Action potential conduction velocity is the speed at which an action potential (AP) propagates along an axon. Measuring AP conduction velocity is instrumental in determining neuron health, function, and computational capability, as well as in determining short-term dynamics of neuronal communication and AP initiation (Ballo and Bucher, 2009; Bullock, 1951; Meeks and Mennerick, 2007; Rosenthal and Bezanilla, 2000; Städele and Stein, 2016; Swadlow and Waxman, 1976). Conduction velocity can be measured using extracellular recordings along the nerve through which the axon projects. Depending on the number of axons in the nerve, AP velocities of individual or many axons can be detected.

This protocol outlines how to measure AP conduction velocity of (A) stimulated APs and (B) ...
[摘要]  动作电位传导速度是动作电位(AP)沿着轴突传播的速度。测量AP传导速度有助于确定神经元的健康,功能和计算能力,以及确定神经元通信和AP启动的短期动力学(Ballo和Bucher,2009; Bullock,1951; Meeks and Mennerick,2007; Rosenthal和Bezanilla,2000;Städele和Stein,2016; Swadlow和Waxman,1976)。传导速度可以通过沿轴突投射的神经的细胞外记录来测量。根据神经中的轴突数量,可以检测个体或许多轴突的AP速度。
该协议概述了如何通过使用两个空间距离的细胞外电极来测量(A)刺激的AP和(B)自发产生的AP的AP传导速度。虽然这里使用无脊椎动物神经系统,但是这种技术的原理是普遍的,并且可以容易地调整到其他神经系统制剂(包括脊椎动物)。
【背景】神经系统中的长距离通讯是由沿轴突行进的AP介导的。当产生AP时流过轴突膜的离子电流(Hodgkin和Huxley,1952)可以使用细胞外记录电极在神经元外部检测。不同神经元中的AP传导速度是非常可变的,范围从每秒200米(447英里每小时)到小于0.1米每秒(每小时0.2英里)(Kress等人,2008; ...

Heterochronic Pellet Assay to Test Cell-cell Communication in the Mouse Retina
Author:
Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  All seven retinal cell types that make up the mature retina are generated from a common, multipotent pool of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) (Wallace, 2011). One way that RPCs know when sufficient numbers of particular cell-types have been generated is through negative feedback signals, which are emitted by differentiated cells and must reach threshold levels to block additional differentiation of that cell type. A key assay to assess whether negative feedback signals are emitted by differentiated cells is a heterochronic pellet assay in which early stage RPCs are dissociated and labeled with BrdU, then mixed with a 20-fold excess of dissociated differentiated cells. The combined cells are then re-aggregated and cultured as a pellet on a membrane for 7-10 days in vitro. During ... [摘要]  构成成熟视网膜的所有七种视网膜细胞类型都是由普通的多能视网膜祖细胞池(RPC)产生的(Wallace,2011)。已经产生足够数量的特定细胞类型的RPC知道的一种方式是通过负反馈信号,其由分化细胞发射并且必须达到阈值水平以阻止该细胞类型的额外分化。评估负反馈信号是否由分化细胞发出的关键测定是异源沉淀测定,其中早期RPC被解离并用BrdU标记,然后与20倍过量的解离的分化细胞混合。然后将组合的细胞再次聚集并在细胞膜上培养7-10天。在这段时间内,RPC将会分化,BrdU + RPC的命运可以使用细胞类型特异性标记进行评估。开发这种沉淀测定的研究人员最初表明,当两种细胞类型混合在一起时,新生儿RPC与胚胎RPC相比,在加速进度条件下产生杆(Watanabe和Raff,1990; Watanabe等,1997)。我们已经使用这种测定来证明我们发现作为视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)分化的负调节物的声刺猬(Shh)促进RPC增殖(Jensen和Wallace,1997; Ringuette等,2014)。最近我们修改了异质性沉淀测定法,以评估视网膜无长突细胞的反馈信号的作用,将转化生长因子β2(Tgfβ2)鉴定为负反馈信号,并将Pten作为Tgfβ2应答的调节剂(Ma et al。,2007 ; ...

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