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Polyethylenglycol (PEG 8000, 40% solution in PBS)

聚乙二醇)

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 89510
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A Sensitive and Specific PCR-based Assay to Quantify Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular (ccc) DNA while Preserving Cellular DNA
Author:
Date:
2021-04-20
[Abstract]  

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of liver diseases and liver cancer worldwide. After infecting hepatocytes, the virus establishes a stable episome (covalently closed circular DNA, or cccDNA) that serves as the template for all viral transcripts. Specific and accurate quantification of cccDNA is difficult because infected cells contain abundant replicative intermediates of HBV DNA that share overlapping sequences but arranged in slightly different forms. HBV cccDNA can be detected by Southern blot or qPCR methods which involve enzymatic digestion. These assays are laborious, have limited sensitivity, or require degradation of cellular DNA (which precludes simple normalization). The method described in this protocol, cccDNA inversion quantitative (cinq)PCR, instead uses a series

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[摘要]  [摘要]乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是全球范围内肝脏疾病和肝癌的主要原因。感染肝细胞后,病毒建立起稳定的附加体(共价闭合的环状DNA或cccDNA),作为所有病毒转录本的模板。cccDNA的特异性和准确定量非常困难,因为被感染的细胞含有丰富的HBV DNA复制中间体,这些中间体共享重叠序列,但排列形式略有不同。HBV cccDNA可以通过涉及酶消化的Southern印迹或qPCR方法进行检测。这些测定费力,灵敏度有限或需要细胞DNA降解(无法进行简单的标准化)。该协议中描述的方法cccDNA反向定量(cinq)PCR,而是使用一系列限制性酶介导的水解和连接反应,将cccDNA转化为反向线性扩增子,该扩增子无法从其他形式的HBV DNA扩增或检测到。重要的是,细胞DNA在样品制备过程中仍可定量,从而可以进行标准化并显着提高精确度。另外,第二线性片段(源自酶消化HBV DNA基因组的单独区域,并以所有形式的HBV DNA存在)可用于同时定量总HBV水平。

图形摘要:

HBV的cccDNA和总HBV DNA的选择性检测使用cinqPCR (转载自涂等人,2020一)。


[背景]乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是一种小的有包膜病毒,其encapsidates一个部分双链环状DNA基因组,所谓松弛环状(RC)的DNA。感染人肝细胞后,核衣壳被转运至细胞核,其中rcDNA基因组被转化为共价闭合的环状(ccc)DNA。这种游离形式是高度稳定的,并保持慢性HBV感染(Tu等人,2020b ...

Use of Geminivirus for Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Components to Tobacco by Agro-infiltration
Author:
Date:
2017-04-05
[Abstract]  CRISPR/Cas9 system is a recently developed genome editing tool, and its power has been demonstrated in many organisms, including some plant species (Wang et al., 2016). In eukaryotes, the Cas9/gRNA complexes target genome sites specifically and cleave them to produce double-strand breaks (DSBs), which can be repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (Wang et al., 2016). Since NHEJ is error prone, mutations are thus generated. In plants, delivery of genome editing reagents is still challenging. In this protocol, we detail the procedure of a virus-based gRNA delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 mediated plant genome editing (VIGE). This method offers a rapid and efficient way to deliver gRNA into plant cells, especially for those that are recalcitrant to ... [摘要]  CRISPR / Cas9系统是最近开发的基因组编辑工具,其功能已被证实在许多生物体中,包括一些植物物种(Wang等人,2016)。 在真核生物中,Cas9 / gRNA复合物特异性地靶向基因组位点并切割它们以产生双链断裂(DSB),其可以通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)途径修复(Wang等人, 。,2016)。 由于NHEJ易出错,因此产生突变。 在植物中,基因组编辑试剂的递送仍然是挑战性的。 在本协议中,我们详细介绍了CRISPR / Cas9介导的植物基因组编辑(VIGE)的基于病毒的gRNA传递系统的过程。 该方法提供了将gRNA递送到植物细胞中的快速且有效的方式,特别是对于那些难以转基因农杆菌的方法。

已经报道了基于病毒的基因组编辑技术使用解构DNA病毒和RNA病毒(Baltes等人,2014; Ali等人,2015)。 最近,我们使用了一种完整的双因素病毒 - 卷心菜叶卷曲病毒(CaLCuV)(一种感染广西芥菜科的成员,包括花椰菜的二分酵母病毒),用于高效率 第一次(Yin等人,2015年),其主机之一的基因组编辑(Nicotiana benhamiana)首次进行基因组编辑。

Expression, Purification and Crystallization of the Herpesvirus Nuclear Egress Complex (NEC)
Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract]  The protocol describes the production and crystallization of the soluble form of the nuclear egress complex (NEC) from Herpes simplex virus 1 and Pseudorabies virus. The NEC is a heterodimer that consists of conserved proteins UL31 and UL34. NEC oligomerization deforms the inner nuclear membrane around the capsid in infected cells, thereby mediating capsid budding into the perinuclear space during nuclear egress. We have successfully developed a protocol for large-scale preparation of highly pure NEC from two different viruses in a prokaryotic expression system, which enabled us to crystallize these viral protein complexes and determine their structures. This procedure may be adapted to purify and crystallize other soluble protein complexes. [摘要]  该协议描述了来自单纯疱疹病毒1和伪狂犬病病毒的核出口复合物(NEC)的可溶形式的产生和结晶。 NEC是由保守蛋白UL31和UL34组成的异源二聚体。 NEC低聚使受感染细胞中的衣壳周围的内核膜变形,从而在核出口期间介导衣壳发芽进入核周空间。 我们已经成功地开发了一个协议,从大规模制备高纯度NEC从两种不同的病毒在原核表达系统,这使我们能够结晶这些病毒蛋白复合物和确定其结构。 该程序可适于纯化和结晶其它可溶性蛋白质复合物。

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