| CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Bacillus subtilis Genome
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Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract] A fundamental procedure for most modern biologists is the genetic manipulation of the organism under study. Although many different methods for editing bacterial genomes have been used in laboratories for decades, the adaptation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to bacterial genetics has allowed researchers to manipulate bacterial genomes with unparalleled facility. CRISPR/Cas9 has allowed for genome edits to be more precise, while also increasing the efficiency of transferring mutations into a variety of genetic backgrounds. As a result, the advantages are realized in tractable organisms and organisms that have been refractory to genetic manipulation. Here, we describe our method for editing the genome of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Our method is highly efficient, resulting in ...
[摘要] 大多数现代生物学家的基本过程是研究生物体的遗传操作。尽管许多不同的方法用于编辑细菌基因组已经在实验室中使用了数十年，但CRISPR / Cas9技术对细菌遗传学的适应使得研究人员能够以无与伦比的设施来操纵细菌基因组。 CRISPR / Cas9允许基因组编辑更精确，同时也提高将突变转移到各种遗传背景的效率。因此，在遗传操作难以处理的易处理生物和生物体中实现了这些优点。在这里，我们描述了我们编辑枯草芽孢杆菌细菌基因组的方法。我们的方法是高效的，导致精确，无标记的突变。此外，在产生编辑质粒之后，可以将突变快速导入几个遗传背景，大大增加可进行遗传分析的速度。
枯草芽孢杆菌是高度易处理的革兰氏阳性菌。遗传研究适用于使用多种载体通过同源重组快速有效地引入突变。尽管有许多不同的方法来引入B突变。 subtilis，每种方法都有其局限性。一种简单而简单的方法，用于在B中进行突变。枯草芽孢杆菌是基因破坏，其中将质粒整合到感兴趣的基因内（Vagner等人，1998）。主要的局限性包括：1）扰乱操纵子的极地作用的潜力; 2）引进和保留外来DNA; 3）一旦使用抗生素耐药性盒，如果在其他突变的背景下研究给定的突变，则研究者必须使用不同的盒;和4）该方法限于靶向整个基因，并且不能产生更精确的点突变。 ...
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| Target Gene Inactivation in Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
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Author:
Date:
2016-08-05
[Abstract] Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 has long served as a model organism for investigating N2-fixation, photosynthesis, and various plant-type metabolic pathways and biofuel production, as well as cellular differentiation (Xu et al., 2008, Halfmann et al., 2014, Golden and Yoon, 2003). Since more than 30,000 sequenced bacterial genomes are currently available (Land et al., 2015), specific gene inactivation and analyses of the corresponding mutant’s phenotype have become powerful tools in elucidating the function of a target gene. Here we describe a protocol to inactivate a target gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 using a single-crossover approach. This approach requires only one-step cloning of an internal fragment of a target gene into an ...
[摘要] 菌株PCC 7120长期充当用于研究N 2 - 固定，光合作用和各种植物类型代谢途径和生物燃料生产以及细胞分化的模式生物体（Xu等人，/em>。，2008，Halfmann等人，2014，Golden and Yoon，2003）。由于目前可获得超过30,000个测序的细菌基因组（Land等人，2015），特异性基因失活和相应突变体表型的分析已成为阐明靶基因功能的有力工具。在这里，我们描述了灭活anabaena sp中的靶基因的方案。 PCC 7120使用单交叉方法。该方法仅需要将靶基因的内部片段一步克隆到整合载体中以产生货物质粒。在货物质粒和鱼腥藻染色体之间的单次交换（同源重组）时，内源靶基因通过产生3'-和5'-缺失的片段而被破坏。该基因失活方案基于整合载体pZR606（Chen等人，2015），其可以广泛应用于其他蓝细菌物种以及其他原核生物中的基因失活。
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| Expression, Purification and Crystallization of the Herpesvirus Nuclear Egress Complex (NEC)
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Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract] The protocol describes the production and crystallization of the soluble form of the nuclear egress complex (NEC) from Herpes simplex virus 1 and Pseudorabies virus. The NEC is a heterodimer that consists of conserved proteins UL31 and UL34. NEC oligomerization deforms the inner nuclear membrane around the capsid in infected cells, thereby mediating capsid budding into the perinuclear space during nuclear egress. We have successfully developed a protocol for large-scale preparation of highly pure NEC from two different viruses in a prokaryotic expression system, which enabled us to crystallize these viral protein complexes and determine their structures. This procedure may be adapted to purify and crystallize other soluble protein complexes.
[摘要] 该协议描述了来自单纯疱疹病毒1和伪狂犬病病毒的核出口复合物（NEC）的可溶形式的产生和结晶。 NEC是由保守蛋白UL31和UL34组成的异源二聚体。 NEC低聚使受感染细胞中的衣壳周围的内核膜变形，从而在核出口期间介导衣壳发芽进入核周空间。 我们已经成功地开发了一个协议，从大规模制备高纯度NEC从两种不同的病毒在原核表达系统，这使我们能够结晶这些病毒蛋白复合物和确定其结构。 该程序可适于纯化和结晶其它可溶性蛋白质复合物。
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