| Multiplex T-cell Stimulation Assay Utilizing a T-cell Activation Reporter-based Detection System
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Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract] Immune tolerance and response are both largely driven by the interactions between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells, and their cognate antigens. Disordered interactions cause the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Therefore, the identification of antigenic epitopes of autoreactive T-cells leads to important advances in therapeutics and biomarkers. Next-generation sequencing methods allow for the rapid identification of thousands of TCR clonotypes from single T-cells, and thus there is a need to determine cognate antigens for identified TCRs. This protocol describes a reporter system of T-cell activation where the fluorescent reporter protein ZsGreen-1 is driven by nuclear ...
[摘要] [摘要] 免疫耐受和应答都很大程度上由抗原呈递细胞（APC）表达的主要组织相容性复合物（MHC），T细胞上的T细胞受体（TCR）及其同源抗原之间的相互作用驱动。相互作用障碍导致自身免疫性疾病（例如1型糖尿病）的发病机理。因此，鉴定自身反应性T细胞的抗原表位导致治疗和生物标志物的重要进展。下一代测序方法可从单个T细胞快速鉴定数千种TCR克隆型，因此需要确定已鉴定TCR的同源抗原。该协议描述了T细胞活化的报告系统，其中荧光报告蛋白ZsGreen-1由活化T细胞的核因子（NFAT）信号驱动并通过流式细胞仪读取。记者T细胞也组成性表达额外的一对荧光素tein作为识别物，允许同时多路复用多达8种不同的报告T细胞系，每种表达不同的目标TCR，可通过流式细胞仪区分。一旦制成TCR表达细胞系，仅需一个转导步骤即可将其无限期用于制备新的T细胞系。这种多路复用系统允许筛选TCR-抗原相互作用的数量，否则这些相互作用将是不切实际的，可在多种情况下使用（即，筛选单个抗原或抗原库），并可用于研究任何T细胞-MHC-抗原三分子相互作用。
[背景] T细胞，抗原呈递细胞（APC）及其同源抗原之间的相互作用是自身免疫性疾病（例如1型糖尿病）的主要事件（Michels等，2017； ...
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| Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice and Detection of Viral Genomes in the Lung Using RT-qPCR
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Author:
Date:
2016-05-20
[Abstract] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the paramyxovirus family. RSV infections lead to a variety of clinical outcomes ranging from a mild “cold-like disease” to death. Infection is usually more severe in infants and the elderly. RSV is associated with the development and exacerbation of chronic lung conditions including asthma, and it is a major cause of hospitalizations in infants. Because of its clinical relevance, experimental animal models to study RSV in vivo are needed. The most common and accessible animal model in research laboratories is the mouse. However, commonly use RSV strains poorly establish infection in mice and thus titration of the virus from mouse lungs to confirm infection is not sensitive ...
[摘要] 呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是属于副粘病毒家族的单链负义RNA病毒。 RSV感染导致各种临床结果，从轻度"冷样疾病"到死亡。婴儿和老年人的感染通常更严重。 RSV与慢性肺病（包括哮喘）的发展和加重有关，并且是婴儿住院的主要原因。由于其临床相关性，需要用于在体内研究RSV的实验动物模型。研究实验室中最常见和可获得的动物模型是小鼠。然而，通常使用RSV毒株在小鼠中很少建立感染，因此从小鼠肺中滴定病毒以确认感染不足以检测早期病毒感染。在这里我们详细讨论如何感染BALB/c小鼠与RSV和如何使用逆转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR）肺中检测RSV基因组。这种方法允许早在感染后1天检测病毒基因组（图2所示），而传统的TCID 50不能检测到显着的病毒，直到感染后2天。值得注意的是，尽管灵敏度较高，但基因组RT-qPCR仅显示病毒基因组的产生，因此该测定的阳性结果不是感染性病毒颗粒产生的证据。
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| Dictyostelium Cultivation, Transfection, Microscopy and Fractionation
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Author:
Date:
2015-06-05
[Abstract] The real time visualisation of fluorescently tagged proteins in live cells using ever more sophisticated microscopes has greatly increased our understanding of the dynamics of key proteins during fundamental physiological processes such as cell locomotion, chemotaxis, cell division and membrane trafficking. In addition the fractionation of cells and isolation of organelles or known compartments can often verify any subcellular localisation and the use of tagged proteins as bait for the immunoprecipitation of material from cell fractions can identify specific binding partners and multiprotein complexes thereby helping assign a function to the tagged protein. We have successfully applied these techniques to the Dictyostelium discoideum protein TSPOON that is part of an ancient ...
[摘要] 使用更复杂的显微镜，活细胞中荧光标记的蛋白质的实时可视化大大增加了我们对基本生理过程如细胞运动，趋化性，细胞分裂和膜运输过程中关键蛋白质动力学的了解。此外，细胞的分级和分离细胞器或已知的隔室通常可以验证任何亚细胞定位，并且使用标记的蛋白质作为诱饵用于来自细胞部分的物质的免疫沉淀可以鉴定特异性结合配偶体和多蛋白复合物，从而有助于赋予功能标记蛋白。我们已经成功地将这些技术应用于作为古代异构六聚体膜转运复合物的一部分的盘基网柄菌discoideum蛋白TSPOON（Hirst等，2013）。 ...
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