| Combining Gel Retardation and Footprinting to Determine Protein-DNA Interactions of Specific and/or Less Stable Complexes
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] DNA footprinting is a classic technique to investigate protein-DNA interactions. However, traditional footprinting protocols can be unsuccessful or difficult to interpret if the binding of the protein to the DNA is weak, the protein has a fast off-rate, or if several different protein-DNA complexes are formed. Our protocol differs from traditional footprinting protocols, because it provides a method to isolate the protein-DNA complex from a native gel after treatment with the footprinting agent, thus removing the bound DNA from the free DNA or other protein-DNA complexes. The DNA is then extracted from the isolated complex before electrophoresis on a sequencing gel to determine the footprinting pattern. This analysis provides a possible solution for those who have been unable to use ...
[摘要] [摘要] DNA足迹是研究蛋白质-DNA相互作用的经典技术。但是，如果蛋白质与DNA的结合较弱，蛋白质的脱落速率较快，或者形成了几种不同的蛋白质-DNA复合物，则传统的足迹方案可能会失败或难以解释。我们的协议不同于传统的足迹协议，因为它提供了一种在使用足迹剂处理后从天然凝胶中分离蛋白质-DNA复合物的方法，从而从游离DNA或其他蛋白质-DNA复合物中去除了结合的DNA。然后从分离的复合物中提取DNA，然后在测序凝胶上电泳以确定印迹模式。该分析为无法使用传统足迹法确定蛋白质与DNA接触的人提供了可能的解决方案。
[背景]核酸酶/化学足迹是一个典型的方法来探测蛋白质-DNA相互作用（腊士和施米茨，1978;萨瑟-德怀特和Gralla，1989;汉普等人，2007） ...
|
|
|
| Cell-free Reconstitution of the Packaging of Cargo Proteins into Vesicles at the trans Golgi Network
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract] Protein sorting at the trans Golgi network (TGN) plays important roles in targeting newly synthesized proteins to their specific destinations. The aim of this proposal is to reconstitute the packaging of non-Golgi resident cargo proteins into vesicles at the TGN, utilizing rat liver cytosol, semi-intact mammalian cells and nucleotides. The protocol describes how to perform the vesicle formation assay, how to isolate vesicles and how to detect cargo proteins in vesicles. This reconstitution assay can be used to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the packaging of a specific cargo protein into transport vesicles at the TGN under specific experimental conditions.
[摘要] [摘要] 反式高尔基体网络（TGN）上的蛋白质分选在将新合成的蛋白质靶向其特定目的地方面起着重要作用。该提议的目的是利用大鼠肝细胞溶质，半完整的哺乳动物细胞和核苷酸，在TGN处将非高尔基驻留的货物蛋白重新包装成囊泡。该协议描述了如何进行囊泡形成测定，如何分离囊泡以及如何检测囊泡中的货物蛋白。该重构测定法可用于定量测量在特定实验条件下将特定货物蛋白包装到TGN的运输小泡中的效率。
[背景] 的反式高尔基体网络（TGN）是在分泌运送路径的必要的交通枢纽。为了确保水泡运输的保真度，真核细胞利用各种蛋白质分选设备将特定的货物蛋白质准确地包装到TGN的运输小泡中，然后运至特定的目的地（Guo 等人，2014）。为了加深我们对TGN分选过程特异性的理解，重要的是开发一种能够忠实地重构TGN囊泡形成和货物分选过程的分析方法。该测定法可用于直接和定量地测量特定因子在调节特定货物蛋白包装到运输小泡中的作用。从内质网（ER）将货物蛋白包装到COPII囊泡中的无细胞重构已得到很好的建立（Kim 等，2005; Kim 等，2007; Merte 等，2010; Yuan 等。，2018；Niu 等，2019；）。已经开发出一种体外测定法，其在TGN处重构特定货物蛋白TGN46在运输小泡中的释放（Ponnambalam 等，1996；Wakana ...
|
|
|
| Analysis of Starch Synthase Activities in Wheat Grains using Native-PAGE
|
|
Author:
Date:
2016-01-20
[Abstract] Starch synthases are one class of key enzymes involving in the synthesis of cereal starch, which transfer glucose from ADP-glucose to the non-reducing end of pre-existing α-(1-4)-liked glucosyl chains of amylopectin. This protocol is highly reproducible for assaying activities for starch synthase I and IIIa in wheat and barley endosperm at qualitative level and quantitative level. The protocol includes separating proteins isolated from developing endosperm with native-PAGE containing glycogen from oyster, incubating protein gels with ADP-glucose solution, and staining gels with iodine solution. The method allows researchers to compare the levels or changes of starch synthase activities.
[摘要] 淀粉合酶是涉及谷物淀粉合成的一类关键酶，其将葡萄糖从ADP-葡萄糖转移到预先存在的支链淀粉的α-（1-4） - 葡萄糖基链的非还原端。 这个协议是高度可重复的测定淀粉合成酶I和IIIa在小麦和大麦胚乳的定性水平和定量水平的活动。 该方案包括从发育的胚乳分离的蛋白质与来自牡蛎的含有糖原的天然PAGE，用ADP-葡萄糖溶液孵育蛋白质凝胶，并用碘溶液染色凝胶。 该方法允许研究人员比较淀粉合酶活性的水平或变化。
|
|
|