| Generation and Selection of Transgenic Olive Plants
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Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract] Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the Mediterranean basin. Biotechnological improvement of this species is hampered by the recalcitrant nature of olive tissue to regenerate in vitro. In previous investigations, our group has developed a reliable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol using olive somatic embryos as explants (Torreblanca et al., 2010). Embryogenic cultures derived from radicles of matured zygotic embryos are infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, AGL1 strain, containing a binary plasmid with the gene of interest and the nptII selection gene. After a meticulous selection procedure, carried out using solid and liquid media supplemented with paromomycin, the putative transformed ...
[摘要] 橄榄油（Olea europaea L.）是地中海盆地最重要的石油作物之一。生物技术的改善受到橄榄组织在体外再生的顽固性质的阻碍。在以前的研究中，我们小组开发了一个可靠的土壤杆菌介导的转化方案，使用橄榄体细胞胚作为外植体（Torreblanca et al。，2010）。含有具有感兴趣基因和nptII选择基因的二元质粒的根瘤农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）AGL1菌株感染源自成熟合子胚胎胚根的胚性培养物。经过细致的选择程序，使用补充巴龙霉素的固体和液体培养基进行，建立推定的转化系。其转基因性质的初步确认是通过PCR扩增进行的。之后，可以通过有效的再生方案获得植物，其主要特征是使用低离子强度的矿物制剂，在液体培养基中用于培养物同步的阶段以及使用半渗透性乙酸纤维素膜进行胚胎成熟（Cerezo et al。 ，2011）。转基因插入的最终确认通过Southern或Northern分析使用再生植物的叶样品进行。
【背景】由Torreblanca等人开发的协议。 （2010）与Rugini等人（2000）开发的先前的橄榄转化协议有所不同，主要是外植体的种类，土壤杆菌菌株及其选择方法。 Rugini等人（2000）使用胚性质量作为外植体，将其在LBA4404农杆菌菌株的细菌悬浮液中温育48小时。感染后，将外植体在水中漂洗并在补充有250mg ...
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| Isolation of Tonoplast Vesicles from Tomato Fruit Pericarp
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Author:
Date:
2015-12-20
[Abstract] This protocol describes the isolation of tonoplast vesicles from tomato fruit. The vesicles isolated using this procedure are of sufficiently high purity for downstream proteomic analysis whilst remaining transport competent for functional assays. The methodology was used to study the transport of amino acids during tomato fruit ripening (Snowden et al., 2015) and based on the procedure used by Betty and Smith (Bettey and Smith, 1993). Such vesicles may be useful in further studies into the dynamic transfer of metabolites across the tonoplast for storage and metabolism during tomato fruit development.
[摘要] 这个协议描述了从番茄果实隔离tonoplast囊泡。 使用该程序分离的囊泡具有足够高的纯度用于下游蛋白质组分析，同时保留用于功能测定的转运感受态。 该方法用于研究番茄果实成熟期间氨基酸的转运（Snowden等人，2015）并且基于Betty和Smith使用的程序（Bettey和Smith，1993）。 这样的囊泡可用于进一步研究代谢物在整个质膜上的动态转移，用于番茄果实发育期间的储存和代谢。
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| Determination of Fructokinase Activity from Zobellia galactanivorans
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract] Mannitol is a polyol that occurs in a wide range of living organisms, where it fulfills different physiological roles. Several pathways have been described for the metabolism of mannitol by bacteria, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PST) and a M2DH-based catabolic pathway. The latter involves two enzymes, a mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.67) and a fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), and has been identified in different bacteria, e.g.,, the marine Bacteroidetes Zobellia galactanivorans (Zg) which had recently gained interest to study the degradation of macroalgal polysaccharides. This protocol describes the biochemical characterization of a recombinant fructokinase (FK) of Zobellia galactanivorans. The ZgFK ...
[摘要] 甘露醇是在多种活生物体中发生的多元醇，其中它实现不同的生理作用。已经描述了用于由细菌代谢甘露醇的几种途径，包括磷酸烯醇丙酮酸依赖性磷酸转移酶系统（PST）和基于M2DH的分解代谢途径。后者涉及两种酶，甘露醇-2-脱氢酶（EC 1.1.1.67）和果糖激酶（EC 2.7.1.4），并且已经在不同的细菌中鉴定，例如海洋拟杆菌Zobellia galactanivorans （ Zg ），其最近获得了研究大分子多糖降解的兴趣。该方案描述了Zobellia 半乳糖厌氧杆菌的重组果糖激酶（FK）的生物化学表征。 < strong> [原理] 果糖激酶（FK）活性通过以下方法确定：果糖激酶（FK）活性通过使用ATP作为辅因子来催化果糖转化成果糖-6-磷酸。酶偶联测定（图1）。通过FK反应（即果糖磷酸化成果糖-6-磷酸（F6P））形成的ADP由将磷酸烯醇丙酮酸（PEP）转化为丙酮酸的丙酮酸激酶（PK）使用。然后，乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）使用NADH作为辅因子将丙酮酸转化为乳酸。通过跟随在340nm处的吸光度的降低来测量FK活性，其对应于NADH转化为NAD + 。
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