| Fusarium graminearum Inoculation on Wheat Head
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Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract] Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes serious wheat yield losses and a threat to human and animal health. The main efforts to combat the disease are the research of pathogenesis mechanisms and breeding for disease resistance plants. The efficiency of these actions could be evaluated by reliable inoculation assay, which is performed by accurate and repeatable inoculation methods. Hence, a standard procedure of effective wheat inoculation should improve the accuracy of pathogenicity evaluation. Here, we present a protocol for wheat spike inoculation with fungal conidial suspensions or fungus agar discs. These methods show highly reproducibility and accuracy on wheat infection experiment in laboratory conditions.
[摘要] Fusarium graminearum 是镰刀菌枯萎病（FHB）的主要致病因子，会导致严重的小麦产量损失，并对人类和动物健康构成威胁。 抗击该病的主要工作是发病机制的研究和抗病植物的育种。 可以通过可靠的接种测定来评估这些作用的效率，所述可靠的接种测定通过准确且可重复的接种方法进行。 因此，有效小麦接种的标准程序应提高致病性评估的准确性。 在这里，我们提出了小麦穗接种与真菌分生孢子悬浮或真菌琼脂圆盘的协议。 这些方法在实验室条件下对小麦感染实验显示出高度的重现性和准确性。
【背景】禾谷镰刀菌是一种破坏性的真菌病原体，它会对谷类作物造成全球严重的镰刀菌枯萎病（FHB）病。近年来，随着全球气候变化和农业实践的变化，FHB的发病率增加。另外， F. graminearum 产生几种真菌毒素，包括单端孢菌毒素霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），它威胁人类和动物的健康（Tanaka et al。，1988; Windels，2000; Su et al。 ，2018）。迄今为止，控制FHB的最有效工具来源于抗病植物的致病机制和育种研究（Steiner et al。，2009; Son et al。，2013）。
由于缺乏通常在宿主中诱导基因对基因介导的抗性的病原体特化模式（van Eeuwijk et al。，1995）， ...
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| Establishment of a Fusarium graminearum Infection Model in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Floral Tissues
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Author:
Date:
2016-07-20
[Abstract] Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum), oats (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which targets the floral tissues and thereby adversely impacts grain yield and quality. Mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum further limit the consumability of infected grain. In the laboratory, F. graminearum also has the ability to colonize both leaves and inflorescence tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction between A. thaliana and F. graminearum makes available a large array of genetic and molecular tools to study the interaction between plants and F. graminearum to elucidate plant genes and pathways that contribute to resistance, ...
[摘要] 禾谷镰刀菌（Fg）是小麦（小麦），燕麦（ Avena sativa ）和大麦镰刀菌 ），其针对花组织，从而不利地影响谷物产量和质量。由F生产的霉菌毒素。禾谷镰菌进一步限制了感染谷物的消耗性。在实验室，F。禾谷镰刀菌也具有定居拟南芥的叶和花序组织的能力。 A之间的交互。 thaliana 和 F。禾谷镰刀菌（graminearum）提供了大量遗传和分子工具来研究植物和真菌之间的相互作用。禾本科（Graminearum）来阐明植物基因和促进抗性的途径，以及研究真菌如何靶向植物基因和促进疾病的机制。下面描述的方法允许有效地感染拟南芥叶和花序，以及评价疾病进展和真菌生长。拟南芥中的病害传播可以通过叶组织的萎黄病和花序组织的包括真菌团块在花序组织表面上的病害表型的视觉观察来容易地监测。可以通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）和定量实时PCR（qPCR）测量宿主组织中的Fg DNA的相对量来进一步监测真菌生长。
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| Human Blood Component Vaccinia Virus Neutralization Assay
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Author:
Date:
2015-12-05
[Abstract] Many therapeutic viruses, such as oncolytic viruses, vaccines, or gene therapy vectors, may be administered by the intravenous route to maximize their delivery to target tissues. Blood components, such as antibody, complement and blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells or platelets) may result in viral neutralization and therefore reduce the therapeutic efficacy. This protocol will describe an in vitro assay by which to test the interaction of viruses with blood components. The effect of various factors can be isolated through fractionation. While whole blood can offer the most physiologically relevant snapshot, plasma can investigate the effects of antibody in concert with complement, and heat inactivated plasma will interrogate the effect of antibody ...
[摘要] 许多治疗性病毒，例如溶瘤病毒，疫苗或基因治疗载体，可以通过静脉内途径施用以最大化它们向靶组织的递送。 血液组分，例如抗体，补体和血细胞（例如嗜中性粒细胞，单核细胞，T细胞，B细胞或血小板）可导致病毒中和并因此降低治疗功效。 该方案将描述用于测试病毒与血液组分的相互作用的体外测定。 各种因素的影响可以通过分馏分离。 尽管全血可以提供最具生理学相关性的快照，但血浆可以研究抗体与补体一起的作用，而热灭活的血浆将会询问单独的抗体的作用。
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