| Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization Following RNAi Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila
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Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract] Loss of function studies shed significant light on the involvement of a gene or gene product in different cellular processes. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a classical yet straightforward technique frequently used to knock down a gene for assessing its function. Similar perturbations in gene expression can be achieved by siRNA, microRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 methods also. In Drosophila genetics, the UAS-GAL4 system is utilized to express RNAi and make ubiquitous and tissue-specific knockdowns possible. The UAS-GAL4 system borrows genetic components of S. cerevisiae, hence rule out the possibility of accidental expression of the system. In particular, this technique uses a target-specific shRNA, and the expression of the same is governed by the upstream activating ...
[摘要] [摘要]功能丧失的研究为基因或基因产物在不同细胞过程中的参与提供了重要启示。短发夹RNA（shRNA）介导的RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种经典而直接的技术，经常用于敲低基因以评估其功能。也可以通过siRNA，microRNA或CRISPR-Cas9方法实现类似的基因表达扰动。在果蝇遗传学中，UAS-GAL4系统用于表达RNAi，并使遍在和组织特异性的基因敲除成为可能。UAS-GAL4系统借鉴了酿酒酵母的遗传成分，因此排除了系统意外表达的可能性。特别地，该技术使用靶标特异性shRNA，并且其表达受上游激活序列（UAS）支配。由特定启动子调节的GAL4受控表达可以普遍或以组织特异性方式驱动干扰RNA的表达。通过RNA分离和半定量RT-PCR反应，然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳来测量敲低效率。我们还采用了免疫染色程序来评估击倒效率。
RNAi为研究人员提供了降低基因产物水平（相当于亚同型条件）并研究结果的选择。基于UAS-GAL4的RNAi方法提供了基因表达的时空调节，还有助于推断早期发育阶段所需的基因功能。
[背景]果蝇果蝇（果蝇）是在研究实验室经常使用的一种通用模式生物。果蝇易于处理，繁殖和维护。而且，精心制作却寿命短，繁殖力高的果蝇具有更多的优势。果蝇遗传学工具的易用性有助于发展对基因功能的全面了解。由于果蝇基因中有60％与人类基因同源，并且具有前面提到的其他优点，因此果蝇是研究体内基因功能的显而易见的模型生物。 ...
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| Single Molecule RNA FISH in the Mammalian Oocyte
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Author:
Date:
2015-12-05
[Abstract] RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization is a method to localize and measure gene expression in individual cell or tissue. Using multiple specific fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides greatly increases signal-to-noise ratio and thus enables detection of single RNA molecule. Around forty different DNA oligonucleotides designed to common RNA target and labeled with single fluorophore at 3´ terminus hybridizes with target RNA in fixed cells. We adapt this method to visualize target RNA in the mammalian oocyte. The ability to detect single transcript in the mammalian oocyte was challenging due to its large cell size. This method consists of four simple steps: fixation, permeabilization, hybridization and imaging. The protocol is adapted to this large nonattached cell to visualize ...
[摘要] RNA荧光原位杂交是定位和测量个体细胞或组织中的基因表达的方法。 使用多个特异性荧光标记的寡核苷酸大大增加信噪比，从而使得能够检测单个RNA分子。 大约四十个不同的DNA寡核苷酸设计为常见的RNA靶标，并在3'端用单个荧光团标记，与固定细胞中的靶RNA杂交。 我们适应这种方法可视化目标RNA在哺乳动物卵母细胞。 在哺乳动物卵母细胞中检测单个转录物的能力由于其大的细胞大小而具有挑战性。 该方法由四个简单的步骤组成：固定，预稳定化，杂交和成像。 该方案适应这种大的非附着细胞以显现母体RNA。
各种荧光团的组合允许检测更多的RNA靶标。 该方法可以与细胞器标记一起使用或用免疫荧光方案扩增。
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| In vitro Drug Susceptibility Assay for HBV Using Southern Blotting
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Author:
Date:
2015-04-20
[Abstract] Antiviral agents for the suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been used for treating chronic hepatitis B. However, the emergence of drug-resistant HBV is still a major problem for antiviral treatment. To identify and characterize the drug-resistant HBV, the construction of HBV replicon and in vitro drug susceptibility assay are essential. Here we describe the experimental methods to study drug-resistant HBV.
[摘要] 用于抑制乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的抗病毒剂已经用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎。然而，耐药性HBV的出现仍然是抗病毒治疗的主要问题。 为了鉴定和表征耐药性HBV，构建HBV复制子和体外药物敏感性测定是必需的。 在这里我们描述研究耐药性HBV的实验方法。
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