| Quantitative Measurement of Mucolytic Enzymes in Fecal Samples
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Author:
Date:
2021-03-20
[Abstract] The mucus layer in the gastrointestinal tract covers the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, protecting the mucosal tissue from enteric pathogen and commensal microorganisms. The mucus is primarily composed of glycosylated protein called mucins, which are produced by goblet cells, a type of columnar epithelial cells in the intestinal tract. Defective mucin barrier facilitates infection caused by enteric pathogen and triggers inflammation due to invasion of commensal or opportunistic pathogens into the intestinal epithelial mucosa. Several bacterial species in the gut produce enzymes that are capable of degradation of the mucus. Defective mucin production or increased abundance of mucolytic bacteria are clinically linked to inflammatory bowel disease. Measurement of mucolytic ...
[摘要] [摘要]胃肠道粘液层覆盖了肠上皮细胞的顶端表面，保护了粘膜组织免受肠道病原体和共生微生物的侵害。粘液主要由称为粘蛋白的糖基化蛋白组成，其由杯状细胞产生，杯状细胞是肠道中的一种柱状上皮细胞。缺陷性粘蛋白屏障促进由肠道病原体引起的感染并由于共生或机会病原体侵入肠道上皮粘膜而引发炎症。在肠道中几种细菌物种产生的酶即能够降解的 黏液 临床上，粘蛋白产生缺陷或粘液溶解细菌丰度增加与炎症性肠病有关。因此，粪便中粘液溶解酶的测定可能与肠道疾病的临床和实验研究有关。在这里，我们描述了粪便样品中粘液分解酶活性的分步测量方法。
[背景]胃肠道（GI）是数万亿个微生物的家园，这些微生物在生理过程中发挥着不同的功能（Sommer和Backhed ，2011年）。共生肠道菌群过程未消化的食物，提供能量，营养物质和维生素，激活的免疫系统，和防止病原体感染肠道粘膜组织（圆形和Mazmanian ，2009;皮卡德等人。，2017）。尽管有这些有益的作用，但是当肠道共生微生物有机会对肠道上皮屏障进行定殖并侵入粘膜组织时，它们仍可能是机会病原体。然而，整个肠道上皮细胞顶表面上方的凝胶状粘液层确保了共生微生物与肠道粘膜组织的物理分离，并有助于维持肠道的稳态（Pullan等，1994；Linden等，2008；Landen等，2008；Landen等，2008）。Atuma等，2011 ...
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| Estimation of Wound Tissue Neutrophil and Macrophage Accumulation by Measuring Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) Activities
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-20
[Abstract] The inflammatory response is essential to the reestablishment of cutaneous homeostasis following injury. In this context, leukocytes arrive at the wound site and orchestrate essential events in the wound healing process. Therefore, the quantification of specific subsets of inflammatory cells in the wound tissue is of considerable interest. The current protocol focus on a quantitative index of neutrophils and macrophages accumulation within skin lesions by measuring the specific activity of the marker enzymes Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), respectively. MPO is present in high levels in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils and NAG in lysosomes of activated macrophages. These methods allow the indirect estimation of the abundance of neutrophils and ...
[摘要] 炎症反应对于损伤后皮肤稳态的再建立是必需的。 在这种情况下，白细胞到达伤口部位并协调伤口愈合过程中的重要事件。 因此，对伤口组织中炎性细胞的特定亚群的定量是相当感兴趣的。 通过测量标记酶髓过氧化物酶（MPO）和N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的比活性，目前的方案集中于皮肤损伤中嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞积累的定量指数。 MPO以高水平存在于嗜中性粒细胞和NAG的嗜苯胺粒细胞中，在激活的巨噬细胞的溶酶体中。 这些方法允许间接估计积累到皮肤中的嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的丰度。
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