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40% 19:1 Acrylamide:bis solution

40%丙烯酰胺/双溶液

Company: Bio-Rad Laboratories
Catalog#: 1610144
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Combining Gel Retardation and Footprinting to Determine Protein-DNA Interactions of Specific and/or Less Stable Complexes
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  

DNA footprinting is a classic technique to investigate protein-DNA interactions. However, traditional footprinting protocols can be unsuccessful or difficult to interpret if the binding of the protein to the DNA is weak, the protein has a fast off-rate, or if several different protein-DNA complexes are formed. Our protocol differs from traditional footprinting protocols, because it provides a method to isolate the protein-DNA complex from a native gel after treatment with the footprinting agent, thus removing the bound DNA from the free DNA or other protein-DNA complexes. The DNA is then extracted from the isolated complex before electrophoresis on a sequencing gel to determine the footprinting pattern. This analysis provides a possible solution for those who have been unable to use

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[摘要]  [摘要] DNA足迹是研究蛋白质-DNA相互作用的经典技术。但是,如果蛋白质与DNA的结合较弱,蛋白质的脱落速率较快,或者形成了几种不同的蛋白质-DNA复合物,则传统的足迹方案可能会失败或难以解释。我们的协议不同于传统的足迹协议,因为它提供了一种在使用足迹剂处理后从天然凝胶中分离蛋白质-DNA复合物的方法,从而从游离DNA或其他蛋白质-DNA复合物中去除了结合的DNA。然后从分离的复合物中提取DNA,然后在测序凝胶上电泳以确定印迹模式。该分析为无法使用传统足迹法确定蛋白质与DNA接触的人提供了可能的解决方案。

[背景]核酸酶/化学足迹是一个典型的方法来探测蛋白质-DNA相互作用(腊士和施米茨,1978;萨瑟-德怀特和Gralla,1989;汉普等人,2007) ...

Analyzing (Re)Capping of mRNA Using Transcript Specific 5' End Sequencing
Author:
Date:
2020-10-20
[Abstract]  The 5′ cap is a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic mRNAs. It is added in the nucleus onto newly synthesized pre-mRNA, and in the cytoplasm onto mRNAs after decapping or endonuclease cleavage. Cytoplasmic recapping can occur after loss of the cap at the native 5′ end, or downstream within the body of the mRNA. The identification and location of recapping events is key to understanding the functional consequences of this process. Here we present an approach that addresses this problem, using the Lexogen TeloPrime® cDNA synthesis kit to tag recapped 5′ ends. TeloPrime uses a proprietary DNA ligase to add a double stranded DNA oligonucleotide onto the 3′ end of cDNA while it is base paired with mRNA. Specificity for capped ends is obtained by the oligonucleotide having an unpaired C ... [摘要]  [摘要]5′cap是真核mRNAs普遍存在的特征。它被添加到新合成的pre-mRNA的细胞核中,并在去盖或核酸内切酶切割后加入到mRNAs的细胞质中。细胞质重拾可发生在5′端或mRNA体下游的cap缺失后。识别和定位重述事件是理解该过程的功能后果的关键。这里我们提出了一种解决这个问题的方法,使用Lexogen TeloPrime®cDNA合成试剂盒来标记重述的5′端。TeloPrime使用一种专有的DNA连接酶,在cDNA的3′端加入一个双链DNA寡核苷酸,同时与mRNA碱基配对。寡核苷酸在mRNA 5′端有一个与m7G弱碱基配对的不成对C残基。然后用引物对附加的寡核苷酸和感兴趣的mRNA进行双链cDNA的PCR扩增。得到的产物是凝胶纯化和直接测序(如果是单个带)或克隆和测序。连接的寡核苷酸和靶mRNA连接处的序列提供了cap在相应转录物上的位置。此方法适用于所有封顶转录本。它可以与Sanger测序一起用于少量的转录物,也可以用于Illumina库测序。

[背景]N7-甲基鸟苷帽是所有真核mRNAs的一个显著特征。与cap结合的蛋白质在mRNA生命周期的各个阶段发挥作用,包括核加工、输出、翻译和mRNA衰变。5′cap以共转录方式添加到所有mRNAs中,并开发了许多全基因组技术(例如,基因表达的Capped分析,或CAGE)(Morioka等人,2020年),这些技术利用末端末端的鉴定来标记转录起始位点。除了标记转录起始位点外,约25%的笼状标签映射到剪接内含子的下游(Djebali等人,2012年)。生物化学基础的证据来自我们实验室2009年的鉴定:一种细胞质复合体能够将N7甲基鸟苷帽恢复到5′-单磷酸末端的转录物上,但不能恢复到5′-羟基末端的转录物上(Otsuka等人,2009年)。细胞质封顶由一种复合酶催化,包括封盖酶(RNGTT)、帽甲基转移酶(RNMT)及其激活亚单位(RAM),以及一种将去盖转录物的5′-单磷酸末端转化为5′-二磷酸底物以进行GMP添加的激酶(Trotman和Schoenberg,2019)。我们的早期工作是基于在GMP添加步骤中阻断细胞质封盖的显性负型封盖酶的使用。该蛋白的表达导致出现许多未封顶的转录本,其末端使用5'-种族定位到下游笼状标签附近(Kiss等人,2015年;Berger等人,2019年)。虽然令人鼓舞,但这种方法有三个主要缺点:a)它需要分离带帽和未封顶的rna,b)它假设未封顶的转录本保持足够稳定,可以被检测到,以及c)它假设以这种方式检测到的未封顶末端经历了有限的额外的核外溶核修剪。 ...

Conjugation of Duplexed siRNN Oligonucleotides with DD-HyNic Peptides for Cellular Delivery of RNAi Triggers
Author:
Date:
2016-04-05
[Abstract]  Despite the great promise that short interfering RNA (siRNA) induced RNAi responses hold as a therapeutic modality, due to their size (~15 kDa) and high negative charge (Bumcrot et al., 2006), siRNAs have no bioavailability and require a delivery agent to enter cells (Figure 1). TAT peptide transduction domain (PTD) has been developed as an agent that mediates cellular delivery of macromolecular therapeutics that otherwise lack bioavailability, making it a tantalizing candidate for siRNA delivery (Farkhani et al., 2014). Unfortunately, when conjugated to TAT PTD, the presence of 40 negative phosphodiester backbone charges on siRNA neutralizes the cationic PTD resulting in aggregation and poor cellular delivery (Meade and Dowdy, 2007). In light of this, we synthesized a ... [摘要]  尽管由于它们的大小(〜15kDa)和高负电荷(Bumcrot等人,2006),短干扰RNA(siRNA)诱导的RNAi反应保持作为治疗模式的巨大希望,siRNA没有生物利用度,需要递送剂进入细胞(图1)。 TAT肽转导结构域(PTD)已经被开发为介导大分子治疗剂的细胞递送的药剂,否则其缺乏生物利用度,使其成为siRNA递送的诱人候选物(Farkhani等人,2014)。不幸的是,当缀合到TAT PTD时,siRNA上40个负磷酸二酯主链电荷的存在中和了导致聚集和差的细胞递送的阳离子PTD(Meade和Dowdy,2007)。鉴于此,我们合成了称为siRibo核中性的中性RNAi触发物,用于与TAT PTD缀合(Meade等人,2014)。简言之,带负电荷的磷酸二酯主链通过具有生物可逆磷酸三酯保护基团的合成来中和,其通过细胞质限制性硫酯酶的作用特异性地转化为细胞内的带电磷酸二酯键,产生可诱导RNAi应答的野生型siRNA。在这里我们描述了与TAT PTD递送结构域(DD)HyNic肽的siRNN寡核苷酸的缀合和细胞递送。

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