| Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay for Detecting Direct and Indirect Protein – DNA Interactions in Magnaporthe oryzae
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract] Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful technology for analyzing protein-DNA interactions in cells. Robust ChIP procedures have been established for investigating direct interactions between protein and DNA. However, detecting indirect protein-DNA interactions in vivo is challenging. Recently, we used ChIP to analyze an indirect protein-DNA interaction between a putative histone demethylase, MoJmjC, and the promoter of the superoxide dismutase 1-encoding gene MoSOD1 in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) (Fernandez et al., 2014). We tagged MoJmjC with the 3x FLAG epitope (Fernandez et al., 2014), instead of the larger and more commonly used GFP epitope, to mitigate against steric hindrance. We also employed ...
[摘要] 染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）是一种强大的技术，用于分析细胞中的蛋白质-DNA相互作用。已建立了稳健的ChIP程序用于研究蛋白质和DNA之间的直接相互作用。然而，在体内检测间接蛋白-DNA相互作用是具有挑战性的。最近，我们使用ChIP来分析推定的组蛋白去甲基化酶MoJmjC和在稻瘟病真菌Magnaporthe oryzae中超氧化物歧化酶1编码基因MoSOD1的启动子之间的间接蛋白质-DNA相互作用（ oryzae ）（Fernandez ，，2014）。我们用3x FLAG表位标记MoJmjC（Fernandez等人，2014），而不是更大和更常用的GFP表位，以减轻空间位阻。我们还采用了使用DSG和甲醛的两步交联策略，而不是更常用于分析直接蛋白质-DNA相互作用的一步甲醛交联方法，以便更好地捕获间接的MoJm - MoSOD1 DNA相互作用。此外，我们已经表明两步交联适用于GATA转录因子，Asd4及其同源结合位点之间的直接蛋白-DNA相互作用的ChIP分析（Marroquin-Guzman和Wilson，2015）。在这里，我们提供详细的协议的染色质免疫沉淀，与通用的两步交联，在M。 oryzae 。
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| Purification of a Protein Exhibiting Isoleucine 2-epimerase Activity from Lactobacillus otakiensis JCM 15040
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Author:
Date:
2015-10-20
[Abstract] Prominent accumulation of D-leucine, D-allo-isoleucine and D-valine was observed in the culture medium of the heterofermentative bacterial species, Lactobacillus otakiensis (L. otakiensis) JCM 15040. The racemase enzyme that resulted in this accumulation, isoleucine 2-epimerase, was purified from the bacterial cells. This is the first reported observation of such production of D-branched chain amino acids in lactic acid bacteria, and the first example of a racemase with isoleucine 2-epimerase activity in any organisms. In the described protocol, we introduce methods for purification of this protein from L. otakiensis JCM 15040. Because no specific ligand that has high affinity for this enzyme has been identified, the purification was performed using ...
[摘要] 在异质发酵细菌物种，例如otakiensis的乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus otakiensis）的培养基中观察到D-亮氨酸，D-异亮氨酸 - 异亮氨酸和D-缬氨酸的显着积累。 otakiensis）JCM 15040.从细菌细胞中纯化导致这种积累的消旋酶，异亮氨酸2-差向异构酶。这是首次报道的在乳酸菌中这种D-支链氨基酸的产生的观察结果，以及在任何生物体中具有异亮氨酸2-差向异构酶活性的消旋酶的第一个实例。在所述的方案中，我们介绍从L中纯化该蛋白质的方法。因为没有鉴定到对该酶具有高亲和力的特异性配体，所以使用硫酸铵级分，四种类型的柱层析和制备型Native-PAGE，不使用亲和柱层析进行纯化。我们希望协议将提供有用的信息用于纯化不能容易地使用亲和柱层析纯化的酶。
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