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GeneRuler 100 bp Plus DNA Ladder

GeneRuler 100 bp Plus DNA Ladder

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: SM0321
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Chromatin Affinity Purification (ChAP) from Arabidopsis thaliana Rosette Leaves Using in vivo Biotinylation System
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  Chromatin Affinity Purification (ChAP) is widely used to study chromatin architecture and protein complexes interacting with DNA. Here we present an efficient method for ChAP from Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves, in which in vivo biotinylation system is used. The chromatin is digested by Micrococcal Nuclease (MNase), hence the distribution of nucleosomes is also achieved. The in vivo biotinylation system was initially developed for Drosophila melanogaster (Mito et al., 2005), but the presented protocol has been developed specifically for Arabidopsis thaliana (Sura et al., 2017). [摘要]  染色质亲和纯化(ChAP)被广泛用于研究染色质结构和与DNA相互作用的蛋白质复合物。 在这里,我们提出了一种有效的从拟南芥莲座叶中ChAP的方法,其中使用了体内生物素化系统。 染色质被Micrococcal核酸酶(MNase)消化,因此核小体的分布也被实现。 体内生物素化系统最初是为黑腹果蝇而开发的(Mito et al。2005),但是所提出的方案是专门为 拟南芥(Sura et。,2017)。

【背景】染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)成为研究染色质结构和组织的最重要和最常用的技术之一。但是,它需要高质量的抗体,不会与非特异性靶标发生交叉反应。在含有细胞壁并富含光合作用相关化合物和蛋白质的植物中,这是相当难以实现的,这些化合物和蛋白质经常引起交叉反应性问题。另一方面,获得稳定的转基因生物是植物常规和容易的策略。由于这些原因,大多数植物研究人员选择基因标签,获得融合蛋白,并用ChIP替代方法即染色质亲和纯化(ChAP)来研究染色质。 ChAP技术已被证明在植物染色质研究中非常有效(Zentner和Henikoff,2014)。此外,它通常比经典ChIP便宜,因为它不需要产生抗体,并且通常比ChIP更有效,因为标签以比直接针对感兴趣的蛋白质产生的抗体更高的亲和力被识别。 ...

Snapshots of the Signaling Complex DesK:DesR in Different Functional States Using Rational Mutagenesis and X-ray Crystallography
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  We have developed protocols to generate site-specific variants of the histidine-kinase DesK and its cognate response regulator DesR, conducive to trapping different signaling states of the proteins. Co-expression of both partners in E. coli, ensuring an excess of the regulator, was essential for soluble production of the DesK:DesR complexes and further purification. The 3D structures of the complex trapped in the phosphotransferase and in the phosphatase reaction steps, were solved by X-ray crystallography using molecular replacement. The solution was not trivial, and we found that in silico-generated models used as search probes, were instrumental to succeeding in placing a large portion of the complex in the asymmetric unit. Electron density maps were then clear enough ... [摘要]  我们已经开发了产生组氨酸激酶DesK及其同源反应调节物DesR的位点特异性变体的方案,有助于捕获蛋白质的不同信号状态。两个合作伙伴在大肠杆菌中的共表达,确保调节剂过量,对于DesK:DesR复合物的可溶性生产和进一步纯化是至关重要的。通过使用分子置换的X射线晶体学解决了捕获在磷酸转移酶和磷酸酶反应步骤中的复合物的3D结构。该解决方案不是微不足道的,我们发现在用作搜索探针的硅片生成的模型中,有助于将大部分复合物放置在不对称单元中。电子密度图就足够清楚了,可以进行人工建模,获得完整的原子模型。这些方法有助于解决细菌信号领域的主要挑战,即获得稳定的激酶:调节复合物,具有不同的构象状态,适用于高分辨率晶体学研究。
【背景】关于细菌信号复合物,特别是双组分系统(TCS)的结构信息仍然很少(Casino et al。,2009; Gao and Stock,2009)。 TCS包含几乎所有细菌中的感觉组氨酸激酶(HK)和响应调节剂(RR)配偶体,它们允许细胞感知环境并通过适应性反应相应地反应。尽管在信号传输中这种切换机制的重要性(Trajtenberg等,2016),结构信息对于采用不同功能状态的TCS复合体甚至更为有限。我们研究了DesK-DesR途径(de Mendoza,2014),一种来自枯草芽孢杆菌的TCS,其参与调节细胞膜组成以适应降低双层流动性的线索,如冷休克。 ...

3’ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (3’ RACE) Using Arabidopsis Samples
Author:
Date:
2015-10-05
[Abstract]  Production of functional eukaryotic RNA is a very elaborate process that involves a complex interplay between transcription and various RNA processing activities, including splicing, 5’ capping, and 3’ cleavage and polyadenylation (Bentley, 2014). Accurate mapping of RNA ends provides a valuable tool to assess transcriptional and post-transcriptional events giving rise to different gene transcripts. The abundance of such transcripts most likely depends on exogenous and developmental cues, or mutations. In the reference plant Arabidopsis, perturbation of the HUA-PEP post-transcriptional regulatory factors (Rodríguez-Cazorla et al., 2015) leads to the accumulation of aberrant transcripts of the key floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) (Yanofsky et ... [摘要]  功能真核RNA的生产是非常复杂的过程,其涉及转录和各种RNA加工活性(包括剪接,5'加帽和3'剪切和聚腺苷酸化)之间的复杂相互作用(Bentley,2014)。 RNA末端的精确作图提供了评估产生不同基因转录物的转录和转录后事件的有价值的工具。这种转录物的丰度最可能取决于外源和发育线索或突变。在参考植物拟南芥中,HUA-PEP 转录后调节因子(Rodríguez-Cazorla等人,2015)的扰动导致保留内含子序列的关键花卉同源异源基因(AGO)( )(Yanofsky等人,1990)的异常转录物的积累。通过3'RACE反应测定,这样的错误转录物对应于在AG 内含子区发生的过早加工和聚腺苷酸化事件。在这里我们描述了一个适用于分析相对丰富的转录物以及用于检测可能易于快速更新的异常RNA种类的方案。同样地,此处适于拟南芥生殖组织的方法可用于表征来自其他器官(叶,根)和/或其它植物物种的RNA种类。我们提供我们的3'RACE程序的详细方案,包括四个主要部分:总RNA提取,RNA量测定和质量控制,RACE程序本身,和分离所得RACE产物用于克隆和测序。

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