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Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate, ATP

腺苷5''-三磷酸(ATP)

Company: New England Biolabs
Catalog#: P0756S
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EmPC-seq: Accurate RNA-sequencing and Bioinformatics Platform to Map RNA Polymerases and Remove Background Error
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Transcription errors can substantially affect metabolic processes in organisms by altering the epigenome and causing misincorporations in mRNA, which is translated into aberrant mutant proteins. Moreover, within eukaryotic genomes there are specific Transcription Error-Enriched genomic Loci (TEELs) which are transcribed by RNA polymerases with significantly higher error rates and hypothesized to have implications in cancer, aging, and diseases such as Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s. Therefore, research into transcription errors is of growing importance within the field of genetics. Nevertheless, methodological barriers limit the progress in accurately identifying transcription errors. Pro-Seq and NET-Seq can purify nascent RNA and map RNA polymerases along the genome but cannot be

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[摘要]  [摘要]转录错误可通过改变表观基因组并引起mRNA的错误整合而严重影响生物体内的代谢过程,从而将其翻译为异常的突变蛋白。此外,真核基因组内有特定转录错误富集的基因组基因座(TEELs),它们由RNA聚合酶与显著更高的错误率转录并推测为具有影响在癌症,老化和疾病例如唐氏综合征和阿尔茨海默'秒。因此,在遗传学领域对转录错误的研究越来越重要。尽管如此,方法上的障碍限制了准确识别转录错误的进展。Pro-Seq和NET-Seq可以沿基因组纯化新生RNA并绘制RNA聚合酶,但不能用于鉴定转录突变。在这里,我们本背景误差模型耦合的精密核圆形测序上运行(EMPC -SEQ),一种方法COMBIN荷兰国际集团测定和圆形测序核上运行与背景误差模型精确地检测新生转录错误和有效地辨别TEELs基因组中。

[背景]核糖核苷酸错掺导致的转录错误在所有活生物体中无处不在(Carey,2015)。假设每个信使RNA(mRNA)可以翻译2-4千次(Schwanhausser et al。,2011),并且许多特殊RNA在给定时间每个细胞仅表达一次(Islam et al。,2011; Pelechano et al。,2011)。,2010),即使是关键残基的单个转录错误也会使特定蛋白质的表达产生很大差异。另外,转录错误可加速蛋白质聚集,导致人类中与年龄有关的疾病(van ...

Coupling Exonuclease Digestion with Selective Chemical Labeling for Base-resolution Mapping of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genomic DNA
Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract]  This protocol is designed to obtain base-resolution information on the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in CpGs without the need for bisulfite modification. It relies on (i) the capture of hydroxymethylated sequences by a procedure known as ‘selective chemical labeling’ (see Szulwach et al., 2012) and (ii) the digestion of the captured DNA by exonucleases. After Illumina sequencing of the digested DNA fragments, an ad hoc bioinformatic pipeline extracts the information for further downstream analysis. [摘要]  该协议旨在获得CpGs中5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)水平的碱基分辨率信息,而无需亚硫酸氢盐修饰。 它依赖于(i)通过称为“选择性化学标记”(参见Szulwach等人,2012)的方法捕获羟甲基化序列和(ii)通过外切核酸酶消化捕获的DNA。 在消化的DNA片段的Illumina测序之后,特设的生物信息学管道提取信息用于进一步的下游分析。

【背景】基因组DNA中胞嘧啶的甲基化可以被蛋白质读取,并且主要被翻译成基因沉默。基因组中的大多数CpG二核苷酸是甲基化的,包括位于基因调控区如增强子的那些。然而,当需要时,这些CpG可以通过Ten Eleven Translocation(TET)酶将甲基氧化并且通过碱基切除修复系统用未甲基化的胞嘧啶置换来去甲基化。 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5hmC)是5-甲基胞嘧啶的第一个氧化衍生物,并且在基因组中绘制该修饰的碱基提供了关于正在进行活性去甲基化的区域的信息。尽管选择性化学标记(SCL)可以非常特异地检测5hmC,但该技术的分辨率受DNA片段大小的限制,特别是当捕获的DNA中存在多个CpG时。为了提高分辨率,我们引入了使用外切核酸酶的消化步骤,所述核酸外切酶将DNA分子修剪成靠近羟甲基化的胞嘧啶(Sérandour et。,2016)。然后对测序读数进行适当的生物信息学处理,然后将羟甲基化评分赋予捕获的CpG。

In vitro Assay to Measure DNA Polymerase β Nucleotide Insertion Coupled with the DNA Ligation Reaction during Base Excision Repair
Author:
Date:
2017-06-20
[Abstract]  We previously reported that oxidized nucleotide insertion by DNA polymerase β (pol β) can confound the DNA ligation step during base excision repair (BER) (Çağlayan et al., 2017). Here, we describe a method to investigate pol β nucleotide insertion coupled with DNA ligation, in the same reaction mixture including dGTP or 8-oxo-dGTP, pol β and DNA ligase I. This in vitro assay enables us to measure the products for correct vs. oxidized nucleotide insertion, DNA ligation, and ligation failure, i.e., abortive ligation products, as a function of reaction time. This protocol complements our previous publication and describes an efficient way to analyze activities of BER enzymes and the functional interaction between pol β and DNA ligase I in vitro. [摘要]  我们以前报告说,通过DNA聚合酶β(polβ)的氧化的核苷酸插入可能会在碱基切除修复(BER)(Çağlayan等,2017)期间混淆DNA连接步骤。 在这里,我们描述了在与dGTP或8-氧代-dGTP,polβ和DNA连接酶I相同的反应混合物中研究与DNA连接相结合的polβ核苷酸插入的方法。该体外测定使得我们能够测量产物的正确性 与氧化核苷酸插入,DNA连接和连接失败,即流产结扎产物,作为反应时间的函数。 该协议补充了我们以前的出版物,并描述了一种有效的方法来分析BER酶的活性和polβ和DNA连接酶I在体外的功能相互作用。
【背景】该方案是观察BER路径的最后两个步骤:通过连接酶I通过polβ进行核苷酸插入和DNA连接。使用该方案,在体外在同一反应混合物中测量两种反应作为时间的函数。原始实体是在模拟BER中间体的单核苷酸缺口DNA底物上分析BER酶polβ和DNA连接酶I。这些BER酶与此BER中间体结合并起作用。该方案中使用的DNA底物包括在5'和3'端的荧光标记,使我们能够观察DNA底物的单核苷酸插入和DNA连接。与DNA连接偶联的polβ核苷酸插入模拟了切口DNA中间体从核苷酸插入步骤切换或引导到BER途径期间的连接步骤。使用该方案,也可以在polβ氧化的核苷酸(8-氧代-dGTP)插入后测量连接失败或者终止连接。这通过在BER中间体的5'-末端添加腺苷酸(AMP)基团进行定量来实现。该方案也可用于测量与其他DNA聚合酶和DNA连接酶连接的核苷酸插入。 ...

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