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Polyethylene glycol

聚乙二醇)

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P4338
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Polyamine Transport Assay Using Reconstituted Yeast Membranes
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

ATP13A2/PARK9 is a late endo-/lysosomal P5B transport ATPase that is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We recently characterized ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter, which sheds light on the molecular identity of the unknown mammalian polyamine transport system. Here, we describe step by step a protocol to measure radiolabeled polyamine transport in reconstituted vesicles from yeast cells overexpressing human ATP13A2. This protocol was developed as part of our recent publication (van Veen et al., 2020) and will be useful for characterizing the transport function of other putative polyamine transporters, such as isoforms of the P5B transport ATPases.

[摘要]  [摘要] ATP13A2 / PARK9是一种晚期内/溶酶体P5B转运ATPase,与多种神经退行性疾病有关。我们最近将ATP13A2表征为溶酶体多胺出口者,这为未知的哺乳动物多胺转运系统的分子身份提供了线索。在这里,我们逐步描述了从过量表达人ATP13A2的酵母细胞中测量重组囊泡中放射性标记的多胺转运的方案。该方案是我们最新出版物的一部分(van Veen等,2020),将有助于表征其他假定的多胺转运蛋白的转运功能,例如P5B转运ATPase的同工型。


[背景] ATP13A2 / PARK9编码一种普遍表达的晚期内-/溶酶体膜蛋白,与一系列神经退行性疾病有关,例如早发性帕金森氏病(Di Fonzo等,2007 ;Lin等,2008)和Kufor -Rakeb综合征(伴痴呆的早期帕金森病)(Ramirez等,2006 ;Park等,2011)。ATP13A2属于P型转运ATPase ,是一类活性转运蛋白,由于ATP水解而暂时形成磷酸中间产物(Kuhlbrandt ,2004年)。ATP13A2是P5亚家族的成员,该家族已在20多年前通过基因组测序鉴定出来(Axelsen和Palmgren ...

Method for CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis in Candida albicans
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Candida albicans is the most prevalent and important human fungal pathogen. The advent of CRISPR as a means of gene editing has greatly facilitated genetic analysis in C. albicans. Here, we describe a detailed step-by-step procedure to construct and analyze C. albicans deletion mutants. This protocol uses plasmids that allow simple ligation of synthetic duplex 23mer guide oligodeoxynucleotides for high copy gRNA expression in C. albicans strains that express codon-optimized Cas9. This protocol allows isolation and characterization of deletion strains within nine days. [摘要]  白色念珠菌是最普遍和最重要的人类真菌病原体。 CRISPR作为基因编辑手段的出现极大地促进了 C中的遗传分析。白色假丝酵母。 在这里,我们描述一个详细的分步过程来构建和分析 C。 白色念珠菌缺失突变体。 该协议使用质粒,允许合成的双链体23mer引导寡聚脱氧核苷酸在高拷贝gRNA表达的简单连接。 表达密码子优化的Cas9的白色念珠菌菌株。 该协议允许在9天内分离和鉴定缺失菌株。

【背景】℃。白色念珠菌是一种难以处理遗传的有机体。由于它通常作为不容易进行有性生殖的二倍体存在,所以纯合隐性突变需要对每个基因座进行连续修饰。克隆间规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)突变的发展和应用。白色念珠菌促进遗传操作,因为它允许两个等位基因同时突变(Vyas et al。,2015; Min et al。,2016; Ng and Dean,2017 )。 CRISPR基因编辑涉及将RNA引导的核酸酶募集至邻近NGG原型间隔子邻接基序(PAM)的互补靶位点(Jinek等人,2012; Cong等人, 2013年;马里等人,2013年)。 CRISPR相关(Cas)核酸酶通过与结合Cas9的激活CRISPR RNA(tracrRNA)相关的指导RNA之间的互补碱基配对以高特异性进行靶向(Gasiunas等人, ...

Metal-tagging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Localisation of Tombusvirus Replication Compartments in Yeast
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Positive-stranded (+) RNA viruses are intracellular pathogens in humans, animals and plants. To build viral replicase complexes (VRCs) viruses manipulate lipid flows and reorganize subcellular membranes. Redesigned membranes concentrate viral and host factors and create an environment that facilitates the formation of VRCs within replication organelles. Therefore, efficient virus replication depends on the assembly of specialized membranes where viral macromolecular complexes are turned on and hold a variety of functions. Detailed characterization of viral replication platforms in cells requires sophisticated imaging approaches. Here we present a protocol to visualize the three-dimensional organization of the tombusvirus replicase complex in yeast with MEtal-Tagging Transmission Electron ... [摘要]  正链(+)RNA病毒是人,动物和植物中的细胞内病原体。构建病毒复制酶复合物(VRC)病毒操纵脂质流动和重组亚细胞膜。重新设计的膜集中了病毒和宿主因子,并创造了促进复制细胞器内VRC形成的环境。因此,有效的病毒复制取决于病毒大分子复合物开启并具有各种功能的特殊膜的组装。细胞中病毒复制平台的详细特征需要复杂的成像方法。在这里我们提出一个协议,用肉眼标记透射电子显微镜(METTEM)可视化酵母中的tombusvirus复制酶复合物的三维组织。该协议使我们能够用METTEM和电子断层扫描成像三维病毒复制酶分子的细胞内分布。我们的研究显示病毒复制酶分子如何在特化细胞膜内构建复制复合物。

【背景】正链RNA病毒的复制取决于细胞膜的重塑。细胞内膜作为VRC装配的结构支架,提供调节病毒复制酶活性和保护病毒RNA免受宿主抗病毒防御的必需脂质和辅因子(Miller和Krijnse-Locker,2008; den Boon <等,2010; nagy和pogany,2011;="" nagy,2016)。电子显微镜观察到具有活性vrc的复制细胞器的结构。="" vrc以单个膜囊或'小球',管状球形立方体膜,双膜囊泡(dmv)或平面寡聚体阵列装配(de="" castro等人,2013)。通常在rna病毒感染的细胞中观察到小球。它们通过在各种细胞器中内陷而形成,并具有对胞质溶胶的狭窄开口(den="" boon="" et=""> ...

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