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Dexamethasone

地塞米松

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: D1756
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An Assay to Determine Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells by Cardiac Macrophages and Cardiac Myofibroblasts
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Date:
2017-09-20
[Abstract]  In myocardial infarction (MI), a number of cardiomyocytes undergo apoptosis. These apoptotic cardiomyocytes are promptly engulfed by phagocytes. If the dead cells are not engulfed, their noxious contents are released outside, resulting in induction of inflammation. Therefore, the removal of these dead cells is necessary. However, the contribution of each phagocyte type to the removal of apoptotic cells in infarcted hearts remains unresolved. Here, we describe an in vitro protocol for a phagocytosis assay to compare the engulfment ability of cardiac macrophages and cardiac myofibroblasts. [摘要]  在心肌梗死(MI)中,许多心肌细胞凋亡。 这些凋亡心肌细胞被吞噬细胞迅速吞噬。 如果死细胞没有被吞没,其有害物质被释放到外面,导致炎症的诱导。 因此,需要去除这些死细胞。 然而,每个吞噬细胞类型对梗塞心脏中凋亡细胞的去除的贡献仍未解决。 在这里,我们描述了吞噬作用测定的体外方案来比较心脏巨噬细胞和心脏肌成纤维细胞的吞噬能力。
【背景】长期以来一直认为,心脏巨噬细胞消除了失败的心脏中产生的凋亡细胞。 然而,我们发现负责组织纤维化的心脏肌成纤维细胞也具有在MI后吞噬凋亡细胞的能力(Nakaya等,2017)。 这一发现促使我们比较心脏巨噬细胞和心脏肌成纤维细胞的吞噬能力。 在这里,我们提供了一个详细的体外吞噬试验方案来评估吞噬吞噬的程度。

Determination of the Glycolysis and Lipogenesis in Culture of Hepatocytes
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  Metabolic flux analyses are needed to provide insights into metabolic regulation that occurs in cells. The current protocol describes fast and reproducible methods for determining glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis of hepatocytes. Primary culture of hepatocytes is an ‘in vitro’ model useful to study liver glucose and lipid metabolism (Denechaud et al., 2016). The protocol is divided in 2 parts. Part I: Glycolysis experiment is assessed using the Seahorse extracellular flux (XF) analyser. Glycolysis is determined via the measurement of the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of the media, which come predominately from the cellular excretion of lactic acid after the conversion of glucose in pyruvate. Part II: De novo lipogenesis experiment determines ... [摘要]  需要代谢通量分析来提供细胞中发生的代谢调节的见解。目前的协议描述了确定糖酵解和肝细胞脂肪生成的快速和可重复的方法。肝细胞的原代培养是用于研究肝葡萄糖和脂质代谢的"体外"模型(Denechaud等人,2016)。协议分为2部分。第I部分:使用海马细胞外通量(XF)分析仪评估糖酵解实验。糖酵解通过测量培养基的细胞外酸化速率(ECAR)来确定,所述培养基主要来自丙酮酸中葡萄糖转化后乳酸的细胞排泄。第II部分:新生脂肪生成实验测定来自乙酸盐C 14+前体的甘油三酯(TG)中的放射性C 14+掺入。在2小时后,向培养基中补加乙酸盐,提取脂质,并在新合成的TG标记的定量之前通过TLC(薄层色谱)分离。

[背景] 有不同的方法来评估葡萄糖和脂质代谢:代谢物定量,酶活性和代谢组学...我们的协议聚焦于活细胞的代谢通量分析并且不需要代谢组学设施。海马细胞外通量(XF)分析仪,现在存在于很多机构,是通过确定培养基pH值间接测量活细胞间接糖酵解的强大工具。脂肪生成协议不需要大投资,是高度可重复的。也可以使用氚化水确定,其通过脂肪酸合酶引入新鲜合成的脂质中。

The Use of a Dexamethasone-inducible System to Synchronize Xa21 Expression to Study Rice Immunity
Author:
Date:
2015-05-05
[Abstract]  Inducible gene expression systems offer researchers the opportunity to synchronize target gene expression at particular developmental stages and in particular tissues. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a vertebrate steroid receptor, has been well adopted for this purpose in plants. To generate steroid-inducible plants, a construct of GAL4-binding domain-VP16 activation domain-GR fusion (GVG) with the target gene under the control of upstream activation sequence (UAS) has been developed and extensively used in plant research.

Immune receptors perceive conserved molecular patterns secreted by pathogens and initiate robust immune responses. The rice immune receptor, XA21, recognizes a molecular pattern highly conserved in all sequenced genomes of Xanthomonas, ...
[摘要]  诱导型基因表达系统为研究人员提供了在特定发育阶段,特别是组织中同步靶基因表达的机会。糖皮质激素受体(GR),一种脊椎动物类固醇受体,已经在植物中被很好地用于此目的。为了产生类固醇诱导的植物,已经开发了在上游激活序列(UAS)控制下具有靶基因的GAL4结合结构域-VP16激活结构域-GR融合(GVG)的构建体,并广泛用于植物研究中。
免疫受体感知由病原体分泌的保守分子模式,并启动强烈的免疫应答。水稻免疫受体,XA21 识别在所有测序的黄单胞菌属的基因组中高度保守的分子模式,并且赋予对X的强抗性。 oryzae pv。 oryzae ( Xoo )。然而,鉴定XA21 下游的基因受到限制性损伤的阻碍,因此在表达Xa21 的植物中限制了防御反应区域。诱导型表达允许跨大量水稻组织的同步免疫应答,非常适合通过全基因组方法(例如转录组学和蛋白质组学)研究XA21 介导的免疫。在该协议中,我们描述了使用该GVG系统来同步 Xa21 表达。

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