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APS

过硫酸铵(APS)

Company: Bio-Rad Laboratories
Catalog#: 1610700
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Combining Gel Retardation and Footprinting to Determine Protein-DNA Interactions of Specific and/or Less Stable Complexes
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Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  

DNA footprinting is a classic technique to investigate protein-DNA interactions. However, traditional footprinting protocols can be unsuccessful or difficult to interpret if the binding of the protein to the DNA is weak, the protein has a fast off-rate, or if several different protein-DNA complexes are formed. Our protocol differs from traditional footprinting protocols, because it provides a method to isolate the protein-DNA complex from a native gel after treatment with the footprinting agent, thus removing the bound DNA from the free DNA or other protein-DNA complexes. The DNA is then extracted from the isolated complex before electrophoresis on a sequencing gel to determine the footprinting pattern. This analysis provides a possible solution for those who have been unable to use

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[摘要]  [摘要] DNA足迹是研究蛋白质-DNA相互作用的经典技术。但是,如果蛋白质与DNA的结合较弱,蛋白质的脱落速率较快,或者形成了几种不同的蛋白质-DNA复合物,则传统的足迹方案可能会失败或难以解释。我们的协议不同于传统的足迹协议,因为它提供了一种在使用足迹剂处理后从天然凝胶中分离蛋白质-DNA复合物的方法,从而从游离DNA或其他蛋白质-DNA复合物中去除了结合的DNA。然后从分离的复合物中提取DNA,然后在测序凝胶上电泳以确定印迹模式。该分析为无法使用传统足迹法确定蛋白质与DNA接触的人提供了可能的解决方案。

[背景]核酸酶/化学足迹是一个典型的方法来探测蛋白质-DNA相互作用(腊士和施米茨,1978;萨瑟-德怀特和Gralla,1989;汉普等人,2007) ...

A Method for SUMO Modification of Proteins in vitro
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  The Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is a protein that is post-translationally added to and reversibly removed from other proteins in eukaryotic cells. SUMO and enzymes of the SUMO pathway are well conserved from yeast to humans and SUMO modification regulates a variety of essential cellular processes including transcription, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. One of the challenges in studying SUMO modification in vivo is the relatively low steady-state level of a SUMO-modified protein due in part to the activity of SUMO deconjugating enzymes known as SUMO Isopeptidases or SENPs. Fortunately, the use of recombinant SUMO enzymes makes it possible to study SUMO modification in vitro. Here, we describe a sensitive method for ... [摘要]  小泛素相关修饰物(SUMO)是一种蛋白质,其翻译后添加到真核细胞中并可逆地从其他蛋白质中去除。 SUMO和SUMO途径的酶从酵母到人类都很保守,SUMO修饰调节了多种基本细胞过程,包括转录,染色质重塑,DNA损伤修复和细胞周期进程。 研究SUMO修饰体内的挑战之一是SUMO修饰蛋白的相对低的稳态水平,部分原因是SUMO去缀合酶(SUMO Isopeptidases或SENPs)的活性。 幸运的是,使用重组SUMO酶可以在体外研究SUMO修饰。 在这里,我们描述了一种灵敏的方法,用于检测目标人类蛋白质的SUMO修饰,使用来自兔网织红细胞和放射性标记的氨基酸的体外转录和翻译系统。
【背景】与其他泛素蛋白家族修饰一样,SUMO修饰通过ATP依赖性酶促级联发生,涉及E1激活酶(人类中的Aos1 / Uba2异二聚体),E2结合酶(Ubc9)和许多E3连接之一的连续活性。酶(Gareau和Lima,2010)。具有SUMO缀合共有位点的蛋白质ΨKxE(Ψ是疏水残基,其后是赖氨酸,任何氨基酸和谷氨酸),可以通过哺乳动物中表达的一种或几种SUMO旁系同源物(包括SUMO1,SUMO2)进行有效修饰。或SUMO3(统称为SUMO2 / 3,因为它们的序列同源性为97%)(Gareau和Lima,2010; Flotho和Melchior,2013)。 ...

Separation of Thylakoid Protein Complexes with Two-dimensional Native-PAGE
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  The hierarchical composition and interactions of the labile thylakoid protein complexes can be assessed by sequential 2D-native gel-electrophoresis system. Mild non-ionic detergent digitonin is used to solubilize labile protein super-and megacomplexes, which are then separated with first-dimension blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-BN-PAGE). The digitonin derived protein complexes are further solubilized with stronger detergent, β-DM, and subsequently separated on an orthogonal 2D-BN-PAGE to release smaller protein subcomplexes from the higher-order supercomplexes. Here we describe a detailed method for 2D-BN-PAGE analysis of thylakoid protein complexes from Arabidopsis thaliana. [摘要]  不稳定的类囊体蛋白复合物的分级组成和相互作用可以通过连续的2D天然凝胶电泳系统来评估。 温和的非离子洗涤剂洋地黄皂苷用于溶解不稳定的蛋白质超级和巨型复合物,然后用第一维蓝色天然聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(1D-BN-PAGE)分离。 将洋地黄皂苷衍生的蛋白质复合物用更强的去污剂β-DM进一步溶解,随后在正交的2D-BN-PAGE上分离,以从较高级的超复合物中释放较小的蛋白质亚复合物。 在这里,我们描述了来自拟南芥的类囊体蛋白复合物的2D-BN-PAGE分析的详细方法。

【背景】在类囊体膜中发生光合作用的光反应,在高等植物中,由贴壁的grana类囊体和非贴壁的基质类囊体组成。光反应由多亚基蛋白复合物光系统(PS)I和II,细胞色素b 6 f和ATP酶催化。 PSII及其光捕获天线复合物(LHCII)在grana-thylakoids中最为丰富,因此在空间上与基质类囊体定位的PSI-LHCI复合物隔离(Andersson和Anderson,1980)。格拉纳和基质类囊体之间的间期在两个光系统中都得到了丰富(Albertsson,2001; Suorsa et al。,2015)。通过光依赖性LHCII和PSII蛋白的可逆磷酸化介导,光系统与LHCII一起组装成更大的超级和超级复合物。 ...

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