| Single-molecule Analysis of DNA Replication Dynamics in Budding Yeast and Human Cells by DNA Combing
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Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract] The DNA combing method allows the analysis of DNA replication at the level of individual DNA molecules stretched along silane-coated glass coverslips. Before DNA extraction, ongoing DNA synthesis is labeled with halogenated analogues of thymidine. Replication tracks are visualized by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies. Unlike biochemical and NGS-based methods, DNA combing provides unique information on cell-to-cell variations in DNA replication profiles, including initiation and elongation. Finally, this assay can be used to monitor the effect of DNA lesions on fork progression, arrest and restart.
[摘要] DNA梳理方法允许在沿着硅烷涂覆的玻璃盖玻片拉伸的单个DNA分子的水平上分析DNA复制。在DNA提取前，进行的DNA合成用胸苷的卤化类似物标记。使用特异性抗体通过免疫荧光可视化复制轨迹。与生物化学和基于NGS的方法不同，DNA梳理提供了DNA复制谱中细胞间细胞变化的独特信息，包括引发和延长。最后，该测定可用于监测DNA损伤对叉进展，停止和重新启动的影响。
背景 在称为复制起点的真核染色体上的数千个位点处启动DNA合成。原始激活遵循由检查点激酶和染色质的表观遗传修饰（Prioleau和MacAlpine，2016）控制的定义良好的复制计时程序。复制叉在正常S阶段经常停顿。叉停止是由多个事件引起的，例如DNA损伤，紧密结合的蛋白质复合物和高表达基因的转录（Tourriere和Pasero 2007; Zeman and Cimprich，2013）。真核生物已经制定了不同的策略来应对这种复制压力，包括修复机制来重新启动捕获的叉子和激活休眠复制起源以抢救终末抓捕的叉。
＆NBSP; ...
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| Determination of Hydrodynamic Radius of Proteins by Size Exclusion Chromatography
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Author:
Date:
2017-04-20
[Abstract] Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) or gel filtration is a hydrodynamic technique that separates molecules in solution as a function of their size and shape. In the case of proteins, the hydrodynamic value that can be experimentally derived is the Stokes radius (Rs), which is the radius of a sphere with the same hydrodynamic properties (i.e., frictional coefficient) as the biomolecule. Determination of Rs by SEC has been widely used to monitor conformational changes induced by the binding of calcium (Ca2+) to many Ca2+-sensor proteins. For this class of proteins, SEC separation is based not just on the variation in protein size following Ca2+ binding, but likely arises from changes in the hydration shell structure.
This ...
[摘要] 尺寸排阻色谱法（SEC）或凝胶过滤是一种流体动力学技术，它将溶液中的分子作为其尺寸和形状的函数。在蛋白质的情况下，可以通过实验得出的流体动力学值是斯托克斯半径（R s），它是具有相同流体力学性质的球体的半径（即， >摩擦系数）作为生物分子。通过SEC测定R s已经被广泛用于监测由钙（Ca 2+）与许多Ca 2+连接引起的构象变化传感器蛋白。对于这类蛋白质，SEC分离不仅基于Ca 2 + 结合后的蛋白质尺寸变化，而且可能来自水合壳结构的变化。
该方案旨在使用快速蛋白质液相色谱（FPLC）系统对预填充柱进行凝胶过滤实验，以确定蛋白质的R 1，其中一些适用于Ca 2 + 传感器蛋白。
凝胶过滤基于其相对的能力分离不同大小和形状的分子，以穿透具有明确孔径的多孔珠床，其识别分馏范围。大于完全排除进入孔隙的分馏范围的分子快速流过色谱柱，首先以空间体积（V 0 O）（其为支持颗粒外的间隙体积）洗脱。能够扩散到珠的孔中的小于分级范围的分子具有可用于流动相的总体积，因此它们更缓慢地移动通过床并最后洗脱。具有中等维度的分子将以包含在流动相可利用的空隙体积和总体积之间的洗脱体积（V e e e e）被洗脱（分子越小，其进入孔隙越大矩阵，因此其V e e越大）。
蛋白质的分子量可以通过比较其洗脱体积参数K ...
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| Loading of Cells with Fluorescent Probe to Study Intracellular Acid-base Homeostasis in Lactic Acid Bacteria
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Author:
Date:
2015-01-20
[Abstract] Here we describe a protocol which we have used to study the homeostasis intracellular in vivo in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using a fluorescent probe. This type of probes can be used for determining changes in the pH of cytoplasm with high sensitivity, temporal resolution and technical simplicity as well as accessing the rate of change of intracellular pH in response to a stimulus from kinetic measurements on short time scales (Breeuwer et al., 1996; Molenaar et al., 1991). This protocol has been designed to measure the intracellular pH using the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2´,7´-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) in LAB, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) and Lactobacillus ...
[摘要] 在这里我们描述了一个协议，我们已经用来研究乳酸细菌（LAB）使用荧光探针在体内细胞内体内平衡。 这种类型的探针可用于以高灵敏度，时间分辨率和技术简单性确定细胞质pH的变化，以及响应于来自短时间尺度上的动力学测量的刺激，获得细胞内pH的变化速率（Breeuwer& et al。，1996; Molenaar et al。，1991）。 该方案已经设计为使用pH敏感性荧光探针在LAB中的2'-，7'-双 - （2-羧乙基）-5（和-6） - 羧基荧光素（BCECF），粪肠球菌 （ E.cfaecalis ），乳酸乳球菌（<乳酸乳球菌）和干酪乳杆菌 em=""> L。casei ）。
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