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Stereomicroscope

立体显微镜

Company: Olympus
Catalog#: SZ61
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In vitro Time-lapse Imaging of Primary Cilium in Migrating Neuroblasts
Author:
Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract]  Neuronal migration is a critical step for the development of neuronal circuits in the brain. Immature new neurons (neuroblasts) generated in the postnatal ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) show a remarkable potential to migrate for a long distance at a high speed in the postnatal mammalian brain, and are thus a powerful model to analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal migration. Here we describe a methodology for in vitro time-lapse imaging of the primary cilium and its related structures in migrating V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts using confocal or superresolution laser-scanning microscopy. The V-SVZ tissues are dissected from postnatal day 0-1 (P0-1) mouse brains and dissociated into single cells by trypsinization and gentle pipetting. These cells are then ... [摘要]  [摘要]神经元迁移是大脑中神经元回路发展的关键步骤。产后心室-脑室下区(V-SVZ)中产生的未成熟新神经元(神经母细胞)显示出巨大的潜力,可以在产后哺乳动物脑中高速长距离迁移,因此是分析分子和神经元的强大模型。神经元迁移的细胞机制。在这里,我们描述了一种使用共聚焦或超分辨率激光扫描显微镜对V-SVZ衍生的成神经细胞进行迁移的初级纤毛及其相关结构的体外延时成像方法。从出生后的第0-1天(P0-1)小鼠脑中解剖V-SVZ组织,并通过胰蛋白酶消化和温和的移液将其分离成单个细胞。然后用编码目的基因的质粒转导这些细胞,通过离心聚集,并在Matrigel中培养2天。通过共聚焦或超分辨率激光扫描显微镜获取培养的神经母细胞及其睫状结构(包括睫状膜和基体)迁移行为的时移图像。该方法提供了有关成神经细胞形态和睫状结构时空动态的信息,并且广泛适用于各种物种中各种类型的迁移神经元和非神经元细胞。


[背景]在出生后的大脑中,神经干细胞驻留在侧脑室侧壁内衬的心室-心室下区(V-SVZ)中,并不断生成未成熟的新神经元(神经母细胞)(Obernier和Alvarez-Buylla,2019)。这些成神经细胞形成链状细胞聚集体,并通过鼻尖迁移流(RMS)彼此迁移至嗅球(OB)(Luskin,1993; Lois and Alvarez-Buylla,1994; Lois et ...

Production and Bioassay of a Diffusible Factor that Induces Gametophyte-to-Sporophyte Developmental Reprogramming in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus
Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract]  The brown alga Ectocarpus has a haploid-diploid life cycle that involves alternation between two multicellular generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Life cycle generation is not determined by ploidy but by a genetic system that includes two different three amino acid loop extension homeodomain transcription factors called OUROBOROS and SAMSARA. In addition, sporophytes have been shown to secrete a diffusible factor into the medium that can induce gametophyte initial cells to switch from the gametophyte to the sporophyte developmental program. The protocol presented here describes how to produce sporophyte-conditioned medium containing the diffusible sporophyte-inducing factor and how to assay for activity of the factor using a meio-spore-based bioassay. The protocol, ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 褐藻赤藓皮果的单倍体-二倍体生命周期涉及孢子体和配子体两个多细胞世代之间的交替。生命周期的产生不是由倍性决定的,而是由一个遗传系统决定的,该遗传系统包括两个不同的三个氨基酸环延伸同源域转录因子,称为OUROBOROS和SAMSARA。另外,已经显示孢子体将可扩散因子分泌到培养基中,该因子可诱导配子体初始细胞从配子体转换为孢子体发育程序。该协议呈现这里描述了如何以产生含有扩散孢子体诱导因子孢子体条件培养基,以及如何测定用于使用该因子的活性杜梅尤-spore基于生物测定。该协议描述了如何优化这些程序的几个步骤,将为将来的工作提供有用的工具,旨在表征可扩散因素并研究其作用方式。

[背景 ] 水云是已被采纳为这个组的海藻遗传模型生物体一个小的,丝状褐藻(彼得斯等人,2004; Coelho的等人,2012A) 。褐藻显示出广泛的不同生命周期(Cock 等,201 4 )。腕果具有单倍体-二倍体的生命周期(图1),涉及两个多细胞世代,配子体和孢子体之间的交替(Müller,1967; Bothwell ...

Drosophila Endurance Training and Assessment of Its Effects on Systemic Adaptations
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  Exercise induces beneficial systemic adaptations that reduce the incidence of age-related diseases. However, the molecular pathways that elicit these adaptations are not well understood. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the exercise response can lead to widely beneficial therapies. Large populations, relatively short lifespan, and easily modifiable genetics make Drosophila a well-suited model system for complex, longitudinal studies. We have developed an enforced climbing apparatus for Drosophila, known as the Power Tower, for the study of systemic exercise adaptations. The Power Tower takes advantage of the fly’s natural instinct for negative geotaxis, an innate behavior to run upwards after being tapped to the bottom of their vial. Flies will ... [摘要]  运动诱导有益的系统适应,减少与年龄有关的疾病的发生率。然而,引起这些适应的分子途径还不是很清楚。了解作为运动反应基础的分子机制可以产生广泛有益的疗法。大群体,相对较短的寿命和易于修改的遗传学使得 Drosophila 成为复杂纵向研究的一个非常适合的模型系统。我们开发了一种用于 Drosophila 的强制攀爬装置,称为Power Tower,用于研究系统性运动适应性。 Power Tower利用苍蝇的天然本能来消极地质,这是一种天生的行为,在被轻敲到他们的小瓶底部之后向上运行。苍蝇将持续运行至耗尽点或直至机器关闭,以先到者为准。运动3周后,雄性 Drosophila 适应训练,具有许多类似于哺乳动物模型和人类所见的保守,易于量化的生理改善。在这里,我们描述了一个有用的耐力训练协议和一套有效量化训练效果的训练后评估。
【背景】耐力运动可以降低几乎所有与年龄相关的疾病(Ciolac,2013)。耐力训练对心血管功能,能量代谢和活动有很强的作用,从苍蝇到人类都是高度保守的(Piazza et al。,2009; Booth et al。,2015 ; Wilson et al。,2015)。更好地理解运动的遗传介质可能会导致治疗方法,这些治疗方法可以使因疾病或受伤而无法运动的个体受益。 Drosophila ...

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