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Trizma® hydrochloride

盐酸盐

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: T5941
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EmPC-seq: Accurate RNA-sequencing and Bioinformatics Platform to Map RNA Polymerases and Remove Background Error
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Transcription errors can substantially affect metabolic processes in organisms by altering the epigenome and causing misincorporations in mRNA, which is translated into aberrant mutant proteins. Moreover, within eukaryotic genomes there are specific Transcription Error-Enriched genomic Loci (TEELs) which are transcribed by RNA polymerases with significantly higher error rates and hypothesized to have implications in cancer, aging, and diseases such as Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s. Therefore, research into transcription errors is of growing importance within the field of genetics. Nevertheless, methodological barriers limit the progress in accurately identifying transcription errors. Pro-Seq and NET-Seq can purify nascent RNA and map RNA polymerases along the genome but cannot be

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[摘要]  [摘要]转录错误可通过改变表观基因组并引起mRNA的错误整合而严重影响生物体内的代谢过程,从而将其翻译为异常的突变蛋白。此外,真核基因组内有特定转录错误富集的基因组基因座(TEELs),它们由RNA聚合酶与显著更高的错误率转录并推测为具有影响在癌症,老化和疾病例如唐氏综合征和阿尔茨海默'秒。因此,在遗传学领域对转录错误的研究越来越重要。尽管如此,方法上的障碍限制了准确识别转录错误的进展。Pro-Seq和NET-Seq可以沿基因组纯化新生RNA并绘制RNA聚合酶,但不能用于鉴定转录突变。在这里,我们本背景误差模型耦合的精密核圆形测序上运行(EMPC -SEQ),一种方法COMBIN荷兰国际集团测定和圆形测序核上运行与背景误差模型精确地检测新生转录错误和有效地辨别TEELs基因组中。

[背景]核糖核苷酸错掺导致的转录错误在所有活生物体中无处不在(Carey,2015)。假设每个信使RNA(mRNA)可以翻译2-4千次(Schwanhausser et al。,2011),并且许多特殊RNA在给定时间每个细胞仅表达一次(Islam et al。,2011; Pelechano et al。,2011)。,2010),即使是关键残基的单个转录错误也会使特定蛋白质的表达产生很大差异。另外,转录错误可加速蛋白质聚集,导致人类中与年龄有关的疾病(van ...

Superresolution Microscopy of Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscle Sarcomeres
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Sarcomeres are extremely highly ordered macromolecular assemblies where proper structural organization is an absolute prerequisite to the functionality of these contractile units. Despite the wealth of information collected, the exact spatial arrangement of many of the H-zone and Z-disk proteins remained unknown. Recently, we developed a powerful nanoscopic approach to localize the sarcomeric protein components with a resolution well below the diffraction limit. The ease of sample preparation and the near crystalline structure of the Drosophila flight muscle sarcomeres make them ideally suitable for single molecule localization microscopy and structure averaging. Our approach allowed us to determine the position of dozens of H-zone and Z-disk proteins with a quasi-molecular, ... [摘要]  [摘要] 肉瘤是高度​​有序的大分子组装体,其中适当的结构组织是这些可收缩单位功能的绝对前提。尽管收集到大量信息,但许多H区和Z盘蛋白的确切空间排列最近未知的是,我们开发了一种强大的纳米方法来定位肌氨酸蛋白成分,其分辨率远低于衍射极限。样品制备的简便性和果蝇的近晶体结构 飞行肌肉瘤使其非常适合单分子定位显微镜检查和结构平均。我们的方法使我们能够以大约5-10 nm的准分子定位精度确定数十个H区和Z盘蛋白的位置。下文所述的协议为制备用于dSTORM成像的单个肌原纤维提供了一种简便且可重现的方法,此外还包括对定制的免费提供的软件工具箱的深入描述,以处理和定量分析原始定位数据。

[背景 ] 肉瘤的结构已通过X射线晶体学以及各种EM方法进行了详细研究,从而形成了来自许多物种的细丝和粗丝的准原子模型。尽管如此,这些检查取得了很好的结果对于肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白重叠区的了解,I带和H区复合物的空间排列仍是未知之数。荧光超分辨率显微镜(也称为纳米显微镜)的最新进展提供了远低于衍射极限的空间分辨率。值得注意的是,单分子定位显微镜(SMLM)可以非常高精度地提供多蛋白复合物的定位图,实际上达到了单个蛋白的大小分辨率(Sigal et al。,2018)。

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Molecular Size Analysis of Recombinant Importin-histone Complexes Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Histones constitute the protein components of nucleosomes. Despite their small sizes, histones do not diffuse through the nuclear pore complex. Instead, they are transported to the nucleus by importins, either alone or in complex with histone chaperones. Determining the molecular size of the importin-histone complexes is key to understanding the mechanism of histone transport and also the potential roles of importins as histone chaperones and in the assembly of nucleosomes. Here we report a simple and reproducible sedimentation-velocity based method to determine the molecular sizes of importin-histone complexes using analytical ultracentrifugation. The method does not use any reporter tags or interaction with column resin thereby analyzing the interactions of the native proteins. [摘要]  [摘要] 组蛋白构成核小体的蛋白质成分。尽管其尺寸很小,但组蛋白不会通过核孔复合物扩散。取而代之的是,它们单独或与组蛋白分子伴侣复合地被重要蛋白转运至细胞核。确定importin-histone复合物的分子大小是理解组蛋白转运机制的关键,也是importins作为组蛋白伴侣和在核小体组装中的潜在作用的关键。在这里,我们报告了一种简单且可重现的沉降速度为基础的方法,该方法使用分析超速离心法来确定importin-histone配合物的分子大小。该方法不使用任何报告子标签或与色谱柱树脂的相互作用,从而分析了天然蛋白质的相互作用。

[背景] 核小体是真核染色质的最基本的结构和功能单元。组蛋白H2A,H2B,H3和H 4是核小体的蛋白质成分。每个核包括147个碱基的DNA wrapp的对编绕Ñ H3-H4四聚体和H2A-H2B二聚体的两个拷贝(Luger的等人,1997年一)。像细胞中的其他蛋白质一样,组蛋白在细胞质中合成。然而,核小体组装在核中。尽管它们的小尺寸(单体是10-15 kDa)的,组蛋白不通过核孔复合物扩散,而是可以单独使用或在复合物与由组蛋白importins伴侣输送要么(约翰逊-SAL IBA 等人,2000 ; Baake 等等人,2001;Mosammaparast 等人,2001,2002a和2002b;Muhlhausser ...

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