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Ethanol absolute

2.5LT乙醇

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: E/0650DF/17
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Viral Double-Stranded RNA Detection by DNase I and Nuclease S1 digestions in Leishmania parasites
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Date:
2020-05-05
[Abstract]  Many RNA viruses are found in protozoan parasites. They can be responsible for more serious pathology or treatment failure. For the detection of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), sequence-dependent and -independent methods are available, such as quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, dot blot, ELISA or sequencing. The technique presented here is sequence-independent and is well detailed in the following protocol, taking the example of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) in Leishmania guyanensis (Lgy) species. To summarise, the protocol is divided into four major steps: RNA extraction from the parasites, RNA purification, enzymatic digestions with DNase I and Nuclease S1, and visualization by gel electrophoresis. This method can be used to detect other viral ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 原生动物寄生虫中发现了许多RNA病毒,它们可能导致更严重的病理或治疗失败。对于病毒双链RNA(dsRNA)的检测,有序列依赖性和非依赖性方法,例如定量实时PCR和免疫荧光,斑点印迹,ELISA或测序。此处介绍的技术是与序列无关的,并且在以下协议中进行了详细说明,以利什曼原虫(Legymania guyanensis)(Lgy )中的利什曼原虫RNA病毒(LRV)为例 概括地说,该协议分为四个主要步骤:从寄生虫中提取RNA,RNA纯化,使用DNase I和Nuclease S1进行图解消化以及通过凝胶电泳进行可视化。该方法可用于检测其他病毒dsRNA它提供了一个额外的工具,可以对先前引用的其他技术进行补充,并且很容易实现。

[背景 ] 广泛的多样性RNA病毒中存在的原生动物寄生虫一直都有详细记载(王和王,1991;戈什等人,2011;桑戈等人。2014;碱液等人,2016年Akopyants 等人2016 ; Fernandez- Presas 等人,2017; Grybchuk 。等人。,2018)。此外,这些病毒已经被描述为潜在的毒力因子(Fichorova 等人,2013; EL- Gayar 。等人,2016; 拉特等。,2019)特别值得注意的,存在的内共生体。利什曼原虫RNA病毒(LRV),A ...

Conjugation Protocol Optimised for Roseburia inulinivorans and Eubacterium rectale
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Roseburia and Eubacterium species of the human gut microbiota play an important role in the maintaince of human health, partly by producing butyrate, the main energy source of our colonic epithelial cells. However, our knowledge of the biochemistry and physiology of these bacteria has been limited by a lack of genetic manipulation techniques. Conjugative transposons previously introduced into Roseburia species could not be easily modified, greatly limiting their applicability as genetic modification platforms. Modular plasmid shuttle vectors have previously been developed for Clostridium species, which share a taxonomic order with Roseburia and Eubacterium, raising the possibility that these vectors could be used in these organisms. ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 人体肠道菌群中的玫瑰菌属和真细菌属在维持人类健康中起着重要作用,部分原因是产生丁酸盐,这是我们结肠上皮细胞的主要能源。但是,由于缺乏基因操作技术,我们对这些细菌的生物化学和生理学的认识受到限制。先前引入玫瑰花属物种的共轭转座子不容易被修饰,极大地限制了它们作为基因修饰平台的适用性。MOD ular质粒穿梭载体先前已经开发了用于梭菌物种,其与共享一个分类次序ř oseburia 和真杆菌,提高这些矢量可以在这些生物体中使用的可能性。在这里,我们描述了一种优化缀合协议使得能够自主复制的质粒的从转印大肠杆菌供体菌株为罗斯氏inulinivorans 和真杆菌rectale 。质粒的模块性质及其通过自主复制在受体细菌中得以维持的能力使其成为研究异源基因表达的理想之选,并成为其他遗传工具(包括反义RNA沉默或II 型移动子中断子基因破坏策略)的平台。

[背景 ] 玫瑰菌和真细菌属人类肠道菌群中含量最高的细菌(Zhernakova 等,2016),它们通过利用饮食和宿主衍生的多糖影响人类健康(Scott 等,2006和2011; Cockburn 等) 。,2015 ; 谢里登等人,2016 )并产生促进健康的代谢物丁酸作为发酵终产物(邓肯等人,2002和2006) 。另外,这些物种能够通过鞭毛调节宿主免疫(Neville ...

Measurement of Proton-driven Antiport in Escherichia coli
Author:
Date:
2014-11-05
[Abstract]  Secondary active transport of substrates across the inner membrane is vital to the bacterial cell. Of the secondary active transporter families, the ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest and most functionally diverse (Reddy et al., 2012). Recently, it was reported that the MFS multidrug efflux protein MdtM from Escherichia coli (E. coli) functions physiologically in protection of bacterial cells against bile salts (Paul et al., 2014). The MdtM transporter imparts bile salt resistance to the bacterial cell by coupling the exchange of external protons (H+) to the efflux of bile salts from the cell interior via an antiport reaction. This protocol describes, using fluorometry, how to detect the bile salt/H+ ... [摘要]  底物穿过内膜的二次主动转运对细菌细胞是至关重要的。在次要活性转运蛋白家族中,遍在的主要促进子超家族(MFS)是最大和最功能多样的(Reddy等人,2012)。最近,据报道,来自大肠杆菌(大肠杆菌)的MFS多药物外排蛋白MdtM在保护细菌细胞对抗胆汁盐中具有生理功能(Paul等人al。,2014)。 MdtM转运蛋白通过将外部质子(H + +)的交换耦合到通过反向端反应从细胞内部排出的胆汁盐,赋予细菌细胞以抗胆汁盐性。该方案使用荧光测定法描述了如何在E的逆向转运体缺陷菌株的倒置膜囊泡中检测MdtM的胆汁盐/H sup/+抗末端活性。通过测量跨膜ΔpH测定大肠杆菌 TO114细胞。该方法利用pH敏感染料吖啶橙的荧光信号(淬灭和去淬灭)的强度响应于囊泡腔中的[H sup +]的变化而发生的变化。由于内源性转运蛋白表达的低水平,其通常使得单个转运蛋白例如MdtM对质子驱动的反运输蛋白的贡献难以检测,所述方法通常需要从多拷贝质粒过表达所关注的转运蛋白。尽管本文所述的方案的第一部分对于来自pBAD/emyc-His-A表达载体的MdtM的过表达非常特异,但描述随后通过MdtM测量胆汁盐流出的方案可以容易地适用于通过任何其他反交换器测量其它底物的反向运输,其交换质子用于对衬底。

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