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Leica Cm3050 S Research Cryostat

研究低温恒温器

Company: Leica Biosystems
Catalog#: Leica CM3050 S
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Heterochronic Pellet Assay to Test Cell-cell Communication in the Mouse Retina
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Date:
2017-02-05
[Abstract]  All seven retinal cell types that make up the mature retina are generated from a common, multipotent pool of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) (Wallace, 2011). One way that RPCs know when sufficient numbers of particular cell-types have been generated is through negative feedback signals, which are emitted by differentiated cells and must reach threshold levels to block additional differentiation of that cell type. A key assay to assess whether negative feedback signals are emitted by differentiated cells is a heterochronic pellet assay in which early stage RPCs are dissociated and labeled with BrdU, then mixed with a 20-fold excess of dissociated differentiated cells. The combined cells are then re-aggregated and cultured as a pellet on a membrane for 7-10 days in vitro. During ... [摘要]  构成成熟视网膜的所有七种视网膜细胞类型都是由普通的多能视网膜祖细胞池(RPC)产生的(Wallace,2011)。已经产生足够数量的特定细胞类型的RPC知道的一种方式是通过负反馈信号,其由分化细胞发射并且必须达到阈值水平以阻止该细胞类型的额外分化。评估负反馈信号是否由分化细胞发出的关键测定是异源沉淀测定,其中早期RPC被解离并用BrdU标记,然后与20倍过量的解离的分化细胞混合。然后将组合的细胞再次聚集并在细胞膜上培养7-10天。在这段时间内,RPC将会分化,BrdU + RPC的命运可以使用细胞类型特异性标记进行评估。开发这种沉淀测定的研究人员最初表明,当两种细胞类型混合在一起时,新生儿RPC与胚胎RPC相比,在加速进度条件下产生杆(Watanabe和Raff,1990; Watanabe等,1997)。我们已经使用这种测定来证明我们发现作为视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)分化的负调节物的声刺猬(Shh)促进RPC增殖(Jensen和Wallace,1997; Ringuette等,2014)。最近我们修改了异质性沉淀测定法,以评估视网膜无长突细胞的反馈信号的作用,将转化生长因子β2(Tgfβ2)鉴定为负反馈信号,并将Pten作为Tgfβ2应答的调节剂(Ma et al。,2007 ; ...

Hypoxia Studies with Pimonidazole in vivo
Author:
Date:
2014-10-05
[Abstract]  Therapy-induced hypoxia drives changes in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to the poor response to therapy. Hypoxia is capable of driving the expression and/or activation of specific signaling cascades (e.g., c-Met, Axl, CTGF), the recruitment of tumor promoting immune cells, and the induction of cell survival pathways including autophagy (Phan et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2012; Ye et al., 2010). We have recently shown that anti-VEGF therapy-induced hypoxia can result in changes in the extracellular matrix that contribute to the aggressiveness of tumors post therapy (Aguilera et al., 2014). Importantly, therapies that induce hypoxia do not always increase epithelial plasticity and tumor aggressiveness (Ostapoff et al., 2013; ... [摘要]  治疗诱导的缺氧驱动肿瘤微环境中的变化,其导致对治疗的差的反应。缺氧能够驱动特异性信号级联(例如,c-Met,Axl,CTGF)的表达和/或活化,肿瘤促进免疫细胞的募集和细胞存活途径的诱导,包括自噬(Phan等人,2013; Hu等人,2012; Ye等人,2010)。我们最近已经显示,抗VEGF治疗诱导的缺氧可以导致细胞外基质的变化,其有助于治疗后肿瘤的侵袭性(Aguilera等人,2014)。重要的是,诱导缺氧的治疗不总是增加上皮可塑性和肿瘤侵袭性(Ostapoff等人,2013; Cenik等人,2013)。我们已经使用哌莫硝唑来评价肿瘤中的缺氧,并且在本文中为这种有用的工具提供详细的方案来询问体内缺氧水平。
Hypoxyprobe TM (哌莫硝唑盐酸盐)免疫组织化学分析方法的实用性允许评估不同组织以及细胞类型中的缺氧。哌莫硝唑是2-硝基咪唑,其在缺氧细胞中特异性地被还原活化,并与蛋白质,肽和氨基酸中的巯基形成稳定的加合物(Cenik等人,2013; Arnold等人。,2010; Raleigh和Koch,1990; Raleigh等人,1998)。此外,检测到的吡莫硝唑的量与肿瘤内的缺氧水平成正比

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