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Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

硫酸镁七水合物

Company: EMD Millipore
Catalog#: 105886
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Capturing Z-stacked Confocal Images of Living Bacteria Entering Hydathode Pores of Cauliflower
Author:
Date:
2017-10-20
[Abstract]  The present protocol to visualize living bacteria at the pore level of cauliflower hydathodes is simple and trained users in confocal microscopy can execute it successfully. It can be easily adapted to capture images with other plant-microorganism interactions at the leaf surface and should be useful to obtain important information on pore and stomatal biology. A critical limitation to methods used to observe plant-microorganism interactions in the pore is the application of too much pressure to the sample during observations and z-stack acquisitions. To solve this issue, we recommend the use of a long working-distance water immersion objective lens that allows observations even with thick samples. [摘要]  目前在花椰菜水合物的孔隙水平上可视化活细菌的方案简单,共聚焦显微镜下的训练有素的用户可以成功地执行。 它可以容易地适应于在叶表面捕获其他植物 - 微生物相互作用的图像,并且应该有助于获得关于孔隙和气孔生物学的重要信息。 用于观察孔隙中植物 - 微生物相互作用的方法的关键限制是在观察和z堆叠采集期间对样品施加过大的压力。 为了解决这个问题,我们建议使用长工作距离的水浸物镜,即使使用厚样品也能进行观察。
【背景】水合物和气孔的孔隙是病原微生物入侵植物组织的可能入口点。 在花椰菜中,叶片上存在的水合物表现出大孔,类似气孔。 这些毛孔是血管病原菌黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)pv的叶感染的途径。 ((Cerutti等人,2017)。 水溶性植物存在于各种维管植物的叶上。 我们描述了一个简单的协议,通过共聚焦显微镜在孔隙水平上可视化细菌。

Separation and Purification of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from Caenorhabditis elegans
Author:
Date:
2017-08-05
[Abstract]  The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a popular model organism for studies of developmental biology, neurology, ageing and other fields of basic research. Because many developmental processes are regulated by glycosaminoglyans (GAGs) on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, methods to isolate and analyze C. elegans GAGs are needed. Such methods have previously been optimized for other species such as mice and zebrafish. After modifying existing purification protocols, we could recently show that the nematodes also produce chondroitin sulfate, in addition to heparan sulfate, thus challenging the view that only non-sulfated chondroitin was synthesized by C. elegans. We here present our protocol adapted for C. elegans. Since the purification ... [摘要]  线虫秀丽隐杆线虫是研究发育生物学,神经学,衰老等基础研究领域的流行模型生物。 因为许多发育过程由细胞表面和细胞外基质中的糖胺聚糖(GAG)调节,分离和分析C的方法。 线虫需要GAG。 此类方法先前已针对其他物种如小鼠和斑马鱼进行了优化。 在修改现有的纯化方案后,我们最近可以显示除了硫酸乙酰肝素外,线虫也产生硫酸软骨素,因此挑战了仅通过C合成非硫酸软骨素的观点。线虫。 我们在这里介绍我们适用于C的协议。线虫。 由于净化策略涉及非硫酸化和硫酸化GAG的分离,所以对于其他可能有利的方法也是有用的。
【背景】糖胺聚糖(GAG)是重复二糖单元的直链多糖链,其通常被硫酸根取代。除了透明质酸,其是在质膜上合成而不被锚定到任何蛋白质的非硫酸化GAG,所有其他GAG都与核心蛋白共价连接,从而形成蛋白聚糖(PG)。在PG上发现的最常见的GAG是硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)和硫酸软骨素(CS)/硫酸皮肤素,含有N-乙酰基 - 葡糖胺和N,N-乙酰基 - 半乳糖胺,分别(张,2010)。在高尔基隔室的生物合成过程中,它们是非模板驱动的过程,它们经过多种修饰,包括将葡萄糖醛酸差向异构化成艾杜糖醛酸,并在不同位置硫酸化(Bulow和Hobert,2006; ...

Quantification of Chlorophyll as a Proxy for Biofilm Formation in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  A self-suppression mechanism of biofilm development in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was recently reported. These studies required quantification of biofilms formed by mutants impaired in the biofilm-inhibitory process. Here we describe in detail the use of chlorophyll measurements as a proxy for biomass accumulation in sessile and planktonic cells of biofilm-forming strains. These measurements allow quantification of the total biomass as estimated by chlorophyll level and representation of the extent of biofilm formation by depicting the relative fraction of chlorophyll in planktonic cells. [摘要]  最近报道了蓝细菌聚球蓝细菌PCC 7942中生物膜发育的自我抑制机制。 这些研究需要定量由生物膜抑制过程中受损的突变体形成的生物膜。 在这里,我们详细描述了叶绿素测量作为生物膜形成菌株无菌和浮游细胞中生物量积累的代用途。 这些测量可以通过叶绿素水平估计的总生物量进行定量,并通过描绘浮游细胞中叶绿素的相对分数来表示生物膜形成的程度。
【背景】几个最近发表的研究表明,蓝藻中细胞聚集和生物膜发育的基础的机制的新兴兴趣(Fisher等人,2013; Jittawuttipoka等人,2013; 2014; Enomoto等人,2014; Schwarzkopf等人,2014; Enomoto等人,,2015; Oliveira等人,2015; Agostoni等人,2016; Parnasa等人,2016)。我们最近报道了一种自生物膜抑制机制,其决定了单细胞蓝细菌聚球蓝细菌PCC 7942(Schatz等人,2013; Nagar和Schwarz,2015)的浮游生长)。通过灭活特定基因来消除生物膜抑制过程导致在这种其他浮游菌株(Schatz等人,2013; ...

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