| DNA Damage Induction by Laser Microirradiation
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Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract] Genome instability can lead to cell death, senescence and cancerous transformation. Specific repair pathways have evolved to prevent accumulation of DNA lesions. Studying these highly dynamic and specific repair pathways requires precise spatial and temporal resolution, which can be achieved through a combination of laser microirradiaiton and live cell microscopy. DNA lesions are introduced at pre-determined sub-nuclear sites and repair can be analyzed in real time in living cells when using fluorescently tagged repair proteins (Mortusewicz et al., 2008). Alternatively, laser microirradiation can be combined with immunofluorescence analysis to study recruitment of endogenous proteins to laser-induced DNA damage tracks that can be visualized by positive controls like, e.g., ...
[摘要] 基因组不稳定性可导致细胞死亡，衰老和癌性转化。特异性修复途径已经进化以防止DNA损伤的累积。研究这些高度动态和特定的修复途径需要精确的空间和时间分辨率，这可以通过激光微激光和活细胞显微镜的组合实现。当使用荧光标记的修复蛋白时，在预定的亚核位点引入DNA损伤并且可以在活细胞中实时分析修复（Mortusewicz等人，2008）。或者，激光微辐照可与免疫荧光分析结合以研究内源蛋白质对激光诱导的DNA损伤轨迹的募集，其可通过阳性对照例如标记DNA断裂位点的γH2AX显现。
关键字：微辐射，活细胞成像，DNA损伤，DNA修复，DNA损伤，DNA损伤反应，免疫荧光，显微镜等
/strong>哺乳动物细胞的基因组完整性不断受到通过外部和内部来源引入的DNA损伤的挑战。最常见的DNA损伤是氧化碱基，双链断裂，单链断裂，链间和链内交联和UV加合物。已经发展了各种DNA损伤信号传导和修复途径以处理这些损伤。为了使DNA修复快速，精确和有效，涉及感测，信号传导和修复特定DNA损伤的许多蛋白质必须在空间和时间上协调。此外，DNA被组织成更高级的染色质结构，因此对于DNA损伤，DNA修复酶是可及的，染色质必须重塑。激光微照射与高级活细胞显微镜相结合允许在活细胞的上下文中研究这些高度动态的过程（Mortusewicz等人，2008）。这里描述的协议使用405 ...
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| Experimental Liver Fibrosis and Intrasplenic Transplantation of CD45+ Bone Marrow Cells
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Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract] Liver fibrosis results from the excessive collagen deposition (collagen scar) by activated hepatic stellate cells (HpSCs), leading to the inhibition of normal liver regeneration and function. Fibrogenesis is a complex mechanism involving both the synthesis and degradation of matrix proteins by different cell types, mainly macrophages in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis (CCl4) and cirrhosis is one of the oldest, simplest and probably the most widely used toxin-based experimental model for the induction of fibrosis. Here we have explained experimental animal model of liver fibrosis using CCl4, injecting twice a week for a period of 8 weeks. In these fibrotic mice, bone marrow (BM) derived CD45+ cells were transplanted via intrasplenic route ...
[摘要] Liver fibrosis results from the excessive collagen deposition (collagen scar) by activated hepatic stellate cells (HpSCs), leading to the inhibition of normal liver regeneration and function. Fibrogenesis is a complex mechanism involving both the synthesis and degradation of matrix proteins by different cell types, mainly macrophages in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis (CCl4) and cirrhosis is one of the oldest, simplest and probably the most widely used toxin-based experimental model for the induction of fibrosis. Here we have explained experimental animal model of ...
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| Skeletal Myogenesis in vitro
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Author:
Date:
2015-11-05
[Abstract] Mature skeletal myofibers are elongated and multinucleated cells. Many stem/progenitor cell types, including committed muscle stem (satellite cells) and progenitor (myoblasts) cells, muscle-derived stem cells, myogenic endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, have been shown to exhibit skeletal myogenesis under appropriate inductive conditions. Committed muscle stem/progenitor cells and multipotent stem/progenitor cells which have skeletal myogenic capacity can typically be differentiated into skeletal myofibers in vitro following extended low-serum exposure. Differentiated cells exhibit distinct fiber-like elongated morphology with multiple nuclei and express unique muscle molecular markers indicating myogenesis, including desmin (early) and fast- and/or ...
[摘要] 成熟骨骼肌纤维是细长和多核细胞。 许多干/祖细胞类型，包括定型肌干（卫星细胞）和祖细胞（成肌细胞）细胞，肌肉衍生的干细胞，肌肉内皮细胞和间充质干/基质细胞，已显示在适当的诱导条件下表现出骨骼肌发生 。 具有骨骼肌生成能力的承诺的肌肉干/祖细胞和多能干/祖细胞可以在延长的低血清暴露后通常在体外分化成骨骼肌纤维。 分化的细胞表现出不同的纤维样细长形态与多个核，并表示独特的肌肉分子标记指示肌发生，包括结蛋白（早）和快和/或慢肌球蛋白重链（成熟）。
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