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Doxycycline

多西环素hyclate

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: D9891
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Ectopic expression of transcription factor combinations has been recently demonstrated to reprogram differentiated somatic cells towards the dendritic cell (DC) lineage without reversion to a multipotent state. DCs have the ability to induce potent and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. In particular, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) excel on antigen cross-presentation, a critical step for inducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses. The rarity of naturally occurring cDC1s and lack of in vitro methodologies for the generation of pure cDC1 populations strongly hinders the study of cDC1 lineage specification and function. Here, we describe a protocol for the generation of induced DCs (iDCs) by lentiviral-mediated expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8 and ... [摘要]  [摘要] 转录因子组合的异位表达最近被证明可以将分化的体细胞重编程为树突状细胞(DC)谱系,而不会回复到多能状态。DC具有诱导有效和持久的适应性免疫应答的能力。在特定的常规类型1的DC(cDC1s)练成抗原交叉呈递,用于诱导CD8的关键步骤+ T细胞的细胞毒性应答。天然存在的cDC1的稀有性和缺乏用于生成纯cDC1群体的体外方法论,严重阻碍了对cDC1谱系规格和功能的研究。在这里,我们描述了用于生成感应DC(iDC)的协议 慢病毒介导的转录因子PU.1,IRF8和BATF3在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中的表达。iDC 在9天内获得DC形态,cDC1表型和转录特征。使用此协议生成的iDC 具有对炎症刺激,吞噬死细胞,将抗原加工并交叉呈递给CD8 + T细胞的功能。DC重新编程提供了一个简单易处理的系统,可以生成大量的cDC1类细胞用于高内涵筛选,从而开辟了新途径,可以更好地了解cDC1的规格和功能。将来,在成纤维细胞中忠实诱导cDC1命运可能会导致产生患者特定的疫苗接种DC。

[背景技术树突状细胞(DC)是专业的抗原呈递细胞,专门用于识别,加工和呈递T细胞抗原,在诱导适应性免疫应答和免疫记忆中起关键作用(Me rad 等,2013)。DC可以分为4个主要子集:浆细胞样DC(pDC ),大量1型干扰素的产生者,循环单核细胞衍生的单核细胞衍生DC 和常规DC(cDC ...

Phagocytosis Assay to Measure Uptake of Necroptotic Cancer Cells by BMDCs
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract]  This protocol is a flow cytometry-based method to measure the phagocytosis efficiency of necroptotic target cells by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro (Aaes et al., 2016). The method is a slightly modified and updated version of the protocols used in previously published papers (Krysko et al., 2006; Brouckaert et al., 2004). In brief, the target cells are labeled with a CellTrackerTM dye before they are induced to undergo cell death. After a co-culture period of 2 h with BMDCs, the cells are immunostained with a dendritic cell marker and dead cell marker, and the phagocytic efficiency is quantified using a flow cytometer. This protocol can readily be used for target cells undergoing cell death modalities other than ... [摘要]  该方案是基于流式细胞术的方法,以测量骨髓来源的树突细胞(BMDCs)在体外的坏死性靶细胞的吞噬效率(Aaes等人 2016)。该方法是先前发表的论文中使用的方案的稍微修改和更新的版本(Krysko等人,2006; Brouckaert等人,2004)。简言之,在细胞被诱导经历细胞死亡之前,用CellTracker TM TM染料标记靶细胞。在用BMDCs共培养2小时后,用树突细胞标记物和死细胞标记物对细胞进行免疫染色,并使用流式细胞仪定量吞噬效率。该方案可以容易地用于经历除坏死作用以外的细胞死亡模式的靶细胞。

[背景] 研究BMDCs吞噬细胞摄取的坏死细胞是检测免疫原性细胞死亡模型的初步步骤(Obeid等人,2007)。有效摄取将允许吞噬细胞将抗原交叉呈递到白细胞,从而产生针对死的靶细胞的免疫反应。在该协议中,我们使用CellTracker TM sup TM染料。这种类型的染料在某些浓度下可能是有毒的,其可以根据使用的细胞类型而变化。因此,我们建议用户首先为使用的靶细胞找到最佳的染料浓度。最佳地,CellTracker TM 染料本身不应该诱导任何细胞死亡,而是应当标记靶细胞,使得它们容易与CD11c阳性BMDC分离。

Affinofile Assay for Identifying Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1
Author:
Date:
2014-07-20
[Abstract]  The ability to enter monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) in vitro is commonly used to define macrophage-tropic HIV-1 despite the fact that viruses vary continuously in their ability to enter MDMs in vitro, and MDMs vary in their ability to support HIV-1 entry (Joseph et al., 2014; Peters et al., 2006). This makes it difficult to distinguish viruses that are adapted to replicating in macrophage from those that are adapted to replicating in T cells. We use the Affinofile cell line ( Johnston et al., 2009) to assay for macrophage tropism by capitalizing on the fact that macrophage-tropic HIV-1 has an enhanced ability to enter cells expressing low levels of CD4 (Joseph et al., 2014; Peters et al., 2006; Duenas-Decamp et al., ... [摘要]  体外进入单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞(MDM)的能力通常用于定义巨噬细胞向性HIV-1,尽管事实上病毒在体外进入MDM的能力不断变化。/em>,并且MDMs支持HIV-1进入的能力不同(Joseph等人,2014; Peters等人,2006)。这使得难以将适于在巨噬细胞中复制的病毒与适于在T细胞中复制的病毒区分开。我们使用Affinofile细胞系(Johnston等人,2009)通过利用巨噬细胞嗜性HIV-1具有增强的进入表达低水平CD4的细胞的能力的事实来测定巨噬细胞趋向性(Joseph等人,2014; Peters等人,2006; Duenas-Decamp等人,2009; Dunfee等人et al。,2006; Gorry et al。,2002; Martin-Garcia et al。,2006; Peters et al。, ,2004),并且亲和素细胞可以被诱导以表达宽范围的CD4密度(Johnston等人,2009)。我们诱导Affinofile细胞表达高或低CD4,用假型报告病毒感染那些细胞,并且量化在低CD4相对于高CD4的感染性的百分比感染性。巨噬细胞嗜性病毒在低CD4下具有增强的感染能力。使用这种方法,我们已经发现HIV-1的巨噬细胞向性菌株相对稀少,并且大多数HIV-1变体需要高水平的CD4进入细胞,我们称为R5 T细胞向性的表型。

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