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Cycloheximide

环己酰亚胺溶液

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: C4859
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A Quantitative Heterokaryon Assay to Measure the Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Proteins
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Many proteins appear exclusively nuclear at steady-state but in fact shuttle continuously back and forth between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. For example, nuclear RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) often accompany mRNAs to the cytoplasm, where they can regulate subcellular localization, translation and/or decay of their cargos before shuttling back to the nucleus. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling must be tightly regulated, as mislocalization of several RBPs with prion-like domains such as FUS and TDP-43 causes the cytoplasmic accumulation of solid pathological aggregates that have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Traditionally, interspecies heterokaryon assays have been used to determine whether a nuclear ... [摘要]  许多蛋白质在稳态下仅出现核,但事实上在细胞核和细胞质之间连续地来回穿梭。例如,核RNA结合蛋白(RBP)通常伴随mRNA到达细胞质,在那里它们可以在穿梭回到细胞核之前调节其货物的亚细胞定位,翻译和/或腐烂。必须严格调节核质穿梭,因为几种RBP与朊病毒样结构域如FUS和TDP-43的错误定位导致固体病理性聚集体的细胞质积累,这些聚集体与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)和额颞叶痴呆等神经退行性疾病有关。 (FTD)。传统上,种间异核体分析已被用于确定感兴趣的核蛋白是否穿梭;这些分析是基于来自两个不同物种(例如,小鼠和人类)的供体和受体细胞之间的融合,可以根据不同的染色质染色模式区分,并检测蛋白质的外观。受体核。然而,异核体的鉴定需要经验并且容易出错,这使得难以获得用于定量研究的高质量数据。此外,荧光标记的RBP在供体细胞中的瞬时过表达通常导致其异常的亚细胞定位。在这里,我们提出定量测定,其中表达接近生理水平的eGFP标记的RBP的稳定供体细胞系与表达膜标记物CAAX-mCherry的受体细胞融合,允许容易地鉴定和成像大量高可信度异核体。我们的测定法可用于测量任何感兴趣的核蛋白在不同细胞类型,不同细胞条件下或突变蛋白之间的穿梭活性。

【背景】要了解蛋白质的各种功能,重要的是找出它在细胞内定位的位置。标准的微观和生物化学方法仅在其稳态浓度高于检测阈值时才揭示蛋白质的存在。他们不排除它在短暂地定位的情况下扮演其他重要角色的可能性(Gama-Carvalho和Carmo-Fonseca,2001)。例如,许多RBP在不同的细胞区室中发挥作用,它们伴随着它们的结合mRNA(通常未检测到)并连接真核基因表达的多个步骤(Müller-McNicoll和Neugebauer,2013)。 ...

Small-scale Subcellular Fractionation with Sucrose Step Gradient
Author:
Date:
2014-06-05
[Abstract]  Here, we introduce the protocol for small-scale and simple subcellular fractionation used in our recent publication (Taguchi et al., 2013), which uses homogenization by passing through needles and sucrose step-gradient.

Subcellular fractionation is a very useful technique but usually a large number of cells are required. Because we needed subcellular fractionation of transiently-transfected cells, we developed a protocol for smaller numbers of cells. Our protocol for the subcellular fractionation is based on the protocol published by de Araújo and Huber (de Araujo et al., 2007), although substantial modifications have been made according to our experiences and information from personal communications. As optimal conditions seem to vary between cell lines, we ...
[摘要]  在这里,我们介绍了在我们最近的出版物(Taguchi等人,2013)中使用的用于小规模和简单的亚细胞分离的方案,其通过穿过针和蔗糖梯度梯度使用匀浆。
亚细胞分离是一种非常有用的技术,但通常需要大量的细胞。因为我们需要瞬时转染细胞的亚细胞分离,我们开发了用于较小数量细胞的方案。我们的用于亚细胞分级的方案基于deAraújo和Huber(de Araujo等人,2007)公布的方案,尽管根据我们的经验和来自个人通信的信息进行了实质性的修改。由于最佳条件似乎在细胞系之间不同,我们建议进一步修改方案以优化个别实验。我们的方法很简单,但足以分析通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇或其他脂质锚例如朊病毒蛋白锚定到细胞器的内在膜蛋白或蛋白质。然而,非共价连接到膜或细胞器的膜蛋白的蛋白质似乎更容易在制备过程中从细胞器中解离,并且如果这些蛋白质是研究的目的,则可能需要进一步的修饰。
不同于连续梯度,其中感兴趣的蛋白质分散在宽范围内,步梯度分级分离在小规模实验中检测相对少量的蛋白质是有利的,因为它将感兴趣的蛋白质浓缩如果使用蔗糖浓度的适当组合。

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