| Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mice and Detection of Viral Genomes in the Lung Using RT-qPCR
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Author:
Date:
2016-05-20
[Abstract] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the paramyxovirus family. RSV infections lead to a variety of clinical outcomes ranging from a mild “cold-like disease” to death. Infection is usually more severe in infants and the elderly. RSV is associated with the development and exacerbation of chronic lung conditions including asthma, and it is a major cause of hospitalizations in infants. Because of its clinical relevance, experimental animal models to study RSV in vivo are needed. The most common and accessible animal model in research laboratories is the mouse. However, commonly use RSV strains poorly establish infection in mice and thus titration of the virus from mouse lungs to confirm infection is not sensitive ...
[摘要] 呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是属于副粘病毒家族的单链负义RNA病毒。 RSV感染导致各种临床结果，从轻度"冷样疾病"到死亡。婴儿和老年人的感染通常更严重。 RSV与慢性肺病（包括哮喘）的发展和加重有关，并且是婴儿住院的主要原因。由于其临床相关性，需要用于在体内研究RSV的实验动物模型。研究实验室中最常见和可获得的动物模型是小鼠。然而，通常使用RSV毒株在小鼠中很少建立感染，因此从小鼠肺中滴定病毒以确认感染不足以检测早期病毒感染。在这里我们详细讨论如何感染BALB/c小鼠与RSV和如何使用逆转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR）肺中检测RSV基因组。这种方法允许早在感染后1天检测病毒基因组（图2所示），而传统的TCID 50不能检测到显着的病毒，直到感染后2天。值得注意的是，尽管灵敏度较高，但基因组RT-qPCR仅显示病毒基因组的产生，因此该测定的阳性结果不是感染性病毒颗粒产生的证据。
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| Mouse Auditory Brainstem Response Testing
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Author:
Date:
2016-03-20
[Abstract] The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test provides information about the inner ear (cochlea) and the central pathways for hearing. The ABR reflects the electrical responses of both the cochlear ganglion neurons and the nuclei of the central auditory pathway to sound stimulation (Zhou et al., 2006; Burkard et al., 2007). The ABR contains 5 identifiable wave forms, labeled as I-V. Wave I represents the summated response from the spiral ganglion and auditory nerve while waves II-V represent responses from the ascending auditory pathway. The ABR is recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp of an anesthetized animal. ABR thresholds refer to the lowest sound pressure level (SPL) that can generate identifiable electrical response waves.
This protocol describes ...
[摘要] 听觉脑干反应（ABR）测试提供有关内耳（耳蜗）和听觉中枢通路的信息。 ABR反映了耳蜗神经节神经元和中枢听觉通路的核对声音刺激的电响应（Zhou et al。，2006; Burkard et al。，2007）。 ABR包含5个可识别的波形，标记为I-V。波I代表螺旋神经节和听觉神经的总和反应，而波II-V代表上升听觉通路的反应。通过置于麻醉动物头皮上的电极记录ABR。 ABR阈值是指可以产生可识别的电响应波的最低声压级（SPL）。
该协议描述了测量小型啮齿动物（小鼠，大鼠，豚鼠等）的ABR的过程，包括麻醉鼠标，将电极放在头皮上，记录点击和色调脉冲串刺激，并读取获得的ABR阈值波形值。随着技术的不断发展，ABR可能提供更多关于听觉神经和脑干途径功能的定性和定量信息。
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| Measurement of CD8 and CD4 T Cell Responses in Mouse Lungs
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Author:
Date:
2014-03-20
[Abstract] Study of the adaptive immune response to a viral challenge in an animal model often includes analysis of the T cell response. Here we discuss in detail the methods that are used to characterize the CD8 and CD4 T cell response following viral challenge in the lung.
[摘要] 在动物模型中对病毒攻击的适应性免疫应答的研究通常包括T细胞应答的分析。 在这里我们详细讨论用于表征在肺中病毒攻击后的CD8和CD4T细胞应答的方法。
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