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Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: W1503
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Improved Oviduct Transfer Surgery for Genetically Modified Rat Production
Author:
Date:
2017-08-20
[Abstract]  Rat embryo transfer surgeries are becoming more common with targeted nucleases increasing the demand for rat models. This protocol details pre-surgical preparation, improved surgical techniques for placing embryos into the oviduct, and post-surgical care of rats to parturition. Direct application of mouse oviduct transfer protocols results in limited success in the rat. By combining techniques from several widely used protocols in the field, increased yield of live pups born to healthy dams is possible. This protocol is distinct from previously published protocols by the use of a modified anesthesia protocol (Smith et al., 2004), use of analgesia, the addition of peritoneal sutures (Filipiak and Saunders, 2006), incision location and number of transfers per animal (Krinke et al. ... [摘要]  大鼠胚胎移植手术正变得越来越普遍,靶向核酸酶增加对大鼠模型的需求。 该协议详细介绍了手术前准备,将胚胎置入输卵管的改进的外科技术以及大鼠分娩后的手术后护理。 直接应用小鼠输卵管转移方案在大鼠中的成功有限。 通过组合来自现场广泛使用的几种方案的技术,可以提高健康水坝出生的活的小狗的产量。 该方案与以前公开的方案不同,通过使用改进的麻醉方案(Smith等人,2004),使用止痛剂,添加腹膜缝线(Filipiak和Saunders,2006),切割位置和每只动物的转移数 (Krinke等,2000)。
【背景】在显微注射和胚胎移植手术后可靠地生产健康小狗的能力对于模型创建至关重要,特别是创建多个创始动物的可能性增加,对观察到的表型有信心。因此,即使使用不同浓度的注射液,出生率相对于报告的比例较低,系统地对现有的小鼠胚胎移植方案进行了修改,以更好地适应大鼠。
   多个出版物描述了将胚胎转移到两侧子宫的两个角的输卵管;然而,这增加了动物在麻醉下的时间长度,并且需要中线切口并穿过腹膜腔以到达侧生殖道,或者产生两个单独的切口(Krinke等人,2000)。这些选择不太理想,因为这两个选项都会增加动物的压力,从而增加妊娠中止的可能性。通过在术前和术后创建单侧切口并施用镇痛,动物的压力被最小化(Smith等人,2004)。使用异氟烷可注射麻醉剂可以最大程度地降低毒性风险(如三溴乙醇所见),IP注射损伤和重复给药,所有这些都与啮齿动物手术后的死亡率相关(Bernal ...

Generation of Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange Mice via Pronuclear Transfer
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract]  The mitochondrial paradigm for common disease proposes that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation can contribute to disease susceptibility and progression. To test this concept, we developed the Mitochondrial-nuclear eXchange (MNX) model, in which isolated embryonic pronuclei from one strain of species are implanted into an enucleated embryo of a different strain of the same species (e.g., C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN, Mus musculus), generating a re-constructed zygote harboring nuclear and mitochondrial genomes from different strains. Two-cell embryos are transferred to the ostia of oviducts in CD-1 pseudopregnant mice and developed to term. Nuclear genotype and mtDNA haplotype are verified in offspring, and females selected as founders for desired MNX colonies. By ... [摘要]  从植物组织提取的缩合单宁是酚醛树脂的合适替代物。它们的可能影响它们的化学反应性的分子结构可以通过在酸硫解和MALDI-TOF质谱之后使用HPLC-UV来评估。用半胱胺盐酸盐在酸性甲醇中溶解植物提取物导致缩合的单宁寡聚体的单体单元的释放,其可以通过与分析标准比较通过反相HPLC-UV进一步定量。使用2,5-二羟基苯甲酸作为基质和K sup +作为阳离子化试剂的MALDI-TOF质谱分析突出了单宁的分子结构特征(例如单体单元序列)低聚物。该方法允许估计平均和最大(可观察)聚合度,单体单元的类型和单宁单体的糖基化和/或酯化的存在。

[背景] 缩合单宁是由可从几种植物组织(例如软木树皮)中提取的黄烷-3-醇单体单元组成的多酚低聚物。它们已被认为是树脂配方(例如木材粘合剂和泡沫材料)中合成酚醛树脂的合适替代品。在缩合鞣酸中检测到的最常见的黄烷-3-醇单体,其羟基化模式和立体化学不同,如图1所示。

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图1.在缩合单宁结构中确定的最常见的单体

  低聚物中单体单元的具体结构和聚合度强烈影响单宁的化学反应性和物理性质,例如与醛的缩合反应速率,重金属螯合能力和水溶液的粘度溶液(Pizzi和Stephanou,1994; ...

Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Prion Infection
Author:
Date:
2014-03-20
[Abstract]  Prion diseases are transmissible, fatal, neurodegenerative diseases in human and animals. The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in prion diseases is largely unclear. Developing a cellular model capable of monitoring prion-induced cytotoxicity would be a promising approach for better understanding the prion pathogenesis. One candidate cellular assay is a model based on neurospheres, which contains neural stem cells (NSCs). Both undifferentiated and differentiated NSCs have been demonstrated to be permissive to prion infection, and prion-induced cytopathic changes in differentiated neruosphere cultures were reported (Iwamaru et al., 2013). This protocol describes the procedure to induce differentiation of NSCs from transgenic mice overexpressing prion protein (tga20 mice) into ... [摘要]  朊病毒疾病是人类和动物中可传播的,致命的,神经变性疾病。 朊病毒疾病中神经变性的分子基础很大程度上不清楚。 开发能够监测朊病毒诱导的细胞毒性的细胞模型将是更好地理解朊病毒发病机制的有前途的方法。 一种候选细胞测定是基于神经球的模型,其含有神经干细胞(NSC)。 未分化和分化的NSCs都被证明是容许朊病毒感染,并且报道了分化的神经球培养物中的朊病毒诱导的细胞病变变化(Iwamaru等人,2013)。 该协议描述了诱导NSCs从过度表达朊病毒蛋白(tga20小鼠)的转基因小鼠分化成易感染朊病毒感染的培养物的过程。

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