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Bromophenol blue

溴酚蓝钠盐

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: B5525
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Native Co-immunoprecipitation Assay to Identify Interacting Partners of Chromatin-associated Proteins in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  

Protein-protein interactions play key roles in nuclear processes including transcription, replication, DNA damage repair, and recombination. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by western blot or mass spectrometry is an invaluable approach to identify protein-protein interactions. One of the challenges in the Co-IP of a protein localized to nucleus is the extraction of nuclear proteins from sub-nuclear fractions without losing physiologically relevant protein interactions. Here we describe a protocol for native Co-IP, which was originally used to successfully identify previously known as well novel topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) interacting proteins. In this protocol, we first extracted nuclear proteins by sequentially increasing detergent and salt concentrations, the extracted fractions were

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[摘要]  [摘要]蛋白质间相互作用 在核过程中起关键作用,包括转录,复制,DNA损伤修复和重组。免疫共沉淀(Co-IP),然后进行蛋白质印迹或质谱分析是鉴定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的宝贵方法。在Co-IP中定位于细胞核的蛋白质中的挑战之一是从亚核级分中提取核蛋白质,而又不会失去生理上相关的蛋白质相互作用。在这里,我们描述了一种用于天然Co-IP的协议,该协议最初用于成功地识别以前称为新拓扑拓扑异构酶1(TOP1)相互作用的蛋白质。在此协议中,我们首先通过依次增加去污剂和盐浓度来提取核蛋白,然后将提取的级分稀释,合并并用于Co-IP。该协议可用于鉴定多种哺乳动物细胞中其他染色质相关蛋白的蛋白相互作用组。


背景]钴- IP被广泛地被使用,以解开的错综复杂的关系之间的蛋白复合物和各种染色质交易期间的复制,转录,和基因组的维护。但是,它是具有挑战性的,以保持不稳定的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的完整过程中提取,免疫沉淀和一个共同的IP实验的洗涤步骤。稳定不稳定蛋白质相互作用的一种方法是在细胞裂解之前用细胞可渗透的可逆化学交联剂(例如丙酸二硫代双琥珀酰亚胺酯)处理细胞(Smith等人,2011)。由于该方法伴随着诸如提取效率低和非特异性蛋白质捕获之类的缺点,因此优选不交联的Co-IP(天然IP)。

一核蛋白质可以被分配到不同的子-核舱或染色质区域是需要不同程度的严格性为它的提取和溶解。对于例如,TOP ...

Analysis of Autophagic Activity Using ATG8 Lipidation Assay in Arabidopsis thaliana
Author:
Date:
2018-06-20
[Abstract]  As a fundamental metabolic pathway to degrade and recycle cellular cargos, autophagy is highly induced upon stress, starvation and senescence conditions in plants. A double-membrane structure named autophagosome will form during this process for cargo sequestration and delivery into the vacuole.

A number of regulators have been characterized in plants, including the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and other plant-specific proteins. Among them, ATG8 will undergo a lipidation process to become a membrane-bound ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine form and mark the growing autophagosomal membrane as well as the completed autophagosome. Therefore, ATG8 has been regarded as a marker for autophagosomes; and biochemical detection of the membrane-associated form of ATG8 is used as one of ...
[摘要]  作为降解和回收细胞货物的基本代谢途径,自噬在植物的胁迫,饥饿和衰老条件下被高度诱导。 在这个过程中,将形成一个称为自噬体的双膜结构,用于货物隔离和输送到液泡中。

已经在植物中表征了许多调控因子,包括自噬相关(ATG)蛋白和其他植物特异性蛋白。 其中,ATG8将经历脂化过程以成为膜结合的ATG8-磷脂酰乙醇胺形式并标记日益增长的自噬体膜以及完成的自噬体。 因此,ATG8被认为是自噬体的标志; 并且膜结合形式的ATG8的生物化学检测被用作测量自噬活性的主要方法之一。 在这里,我们描述了使用拟南芥幼苗检测ATG8-PE形式的ATG8脂化测定法。

【背景】自噬是调节受损细胞器的大量降解和不需要的细胞内容物的基本代谢过程。在自噬过程中,称为自噬体的双膜结构将形成并将货物递送到液泡中以降解。自噬相关蛋白(ATG)需要调节自噬活性(Liu and ...

In vitro Analysis of Ubiquitin-like Protein Modification in Archaea
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  The ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein is widely distributed in Archaea and involved in many cellular pathways. A well-established method to reconstitute archaeal Ubl protein conjugation in vitro is important to better understand the process of archaeal Ubl protein modification. This protocol describes the in vitro reconstitution of Ubl protein modification and following analysis of this modification in Haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon serving as the model organism. [摘要]  泛素样(Ubl)蛋白广泛分布于古细菌中并参与许多细胞途径。 为了更好地理解古细菌Ub1蛋白质修饰的过程,重建体外古细菌Ubl蛋白质缀合物的完善方法是很重要的。 该协议描述了Ubl蛋白质修饰的体外重建以及在作为模型生物的嗜盐古细菌Haloferax volcanii 中对这种修饰进行分析。

【背景】泛素(Ub)与靶蛋白共价连接的过程被称为泛素化,其控制真核细胞中大量的细胞过程(Glickman和Ciechanover,2002; Komander和Rape,2012)。遍在蛋白化由一系列酶(包括Ub激活酶(E1),Ub结合酶(E2s)和Ub连接酶(E3s))催化。泛素化的体外重建是确定酶之间或E3与蛋白质底物之间特异性的有用测定法(Zhao等人,2012)。在古细菌中,Ubl蛋白SAMP采用Ub折叠,并且与E1样酶UbaA催化的蛋白靶标异肽连接[Maupin-Furlow,(2014)综述]。尽管E1同系物在古细菌中广泛存在,但基于一级序列比较,在大多数古细菌中未预测经典E2或E3酶。我们最近对Haloferax volcanii的研究表明甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A(MsrA)是Ubl蛋白质修饰(sampylation)与UbaA一起在体内温和的氧化条件下和< (体外)(fu="">

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