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Sodium Pyruvate, Liquid

磷酸盐缓冲盐水

Company: Mediatech
Catalog#: 21-040
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Flow Cytometric Quantification of Fatty Acid Uptake by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to assimilate fatty acids from its host. However, until recently, there was no reliable way to quantify fatty acid uptake by the bacteria during host cell infection. Here we describe a new method to quantify fatty acid uptake by intracellular bacilli. We infect macrophages with Mtb constitutively expressing mCherry and then metabolically label them with Bodipy-palmitate. Following the labeling procedure, we isolate Mtb-containing phagosomes on a sucrose cushion and disrupt the phagosomes with detergent. After extensive washes, the isolated bacteria are analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the level of Bodipy-palmitate signal associated with the bacteria. Using a Mtb mutant strain defective in fatty acid uptake in liquid culture we ... [摘要]  结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)已经发展为从其宿主吸收脂肪酸。然而,直到最近,还没有可靠的方法来量化宿主细胞感染期间细菌对脂肪酸的摄取。在这里,我们描述了一种新的方法来量化细胞内杆菌对脂肪酸的摄取。我们用Mtb组成性表达mCherry感染巨噬细胞,然后用Bodipy-palmitate代谢标记它们。标记程序后,我们在蔗糖垫上分离含有Mtb的吞噬体,并用去污剂破坏吞噬体。大量洗涤后,通过流式细胞术分析分离的细菌以确定与细菌相关的Bodipy-棕榈酸酯信号的水平。使用液体培养物中脂肪酸摄取缺陷的Mtb突变株,我们确定该突变体在巨噬细胞感染期间同化比野生型菌株少10倍的Bodipy-棕榈酸酯。脂肪酸摄取的这种定量方法可用于进一步鉴定参与细胞内Mtb和可能的其他细菌的脂质摄取的途径。

【背景】结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)同化宿主来源的脂质(脂肪酸和胆固醇)的能力使得病原体能够在其宿主内存活(Russell等人,2010; Lovewell 等人,2016)。在小鼠感染期间和在人肺组织中,通过巨噬细胞内的Mtb上调胆固醇和脂肪酸代谢相关基因来支持该想法(Schnappinger等人,2003; Rachman等人,2006; Rohde等人,2007;Fontán等人,2008; Tailleux等人,2008; Homolka et al。,2010; Rohde et ...

Intracaecal Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model
Author:
Date:
2017-06-05
[Abstract]  The host microenvironment plays a prominent role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapy. Orthotopic tumor model mimics the natural environment of tumor development and provides an effective approach to investigate tumor pathophysiology and develop therapeutic strategies. This protocol describes the technique involving injection of colorectal cancer cell suspension into the intestinal wall of mice to establish an orthotopic colorectal tumor model. [摘要]  宿主微环境在肿瘤生长,血管生成,侵袭,转移和治疗反应中起着重要作用。原位肿瘤模型模拟肿瘤发展的自然环境,并提供了一种有效的方法来研究肿瘤病理生理学和开发治疗策略。该方案描述了将结肠直肠癌细胞悬液注射到小鼠肠壁中以建立原位结肠直肠肿瘤模型的技术。

背景 已经开发了各种鼠模型来促进对人类癌症的研究,并且更好地了解有助于肿瘤生长的机制。虽然异位异种移植模型包括将癌细胞植入免疫受损小鼠的侧腹皮下,原位肿瘤模型由于将肿瘤细胞直接植入原发器官而更接近于原始肿瘤发展(Richmond和Su,2008)。虽然原位异种移植模型在技术上是具有挑战性和劳动密集型的,但由于肿瘤微环境的影响,原位移植物能够更准确地模拟人类肿瘤并更好地预测患者对化疗的反应与异位移植相比(Talmadge等, / em>。,2007)。随着关于肿瘤进展期间肿瘤宿主细胞相互作用的重要作用的知识的增加,使用免疫活性小鼠的遗传工程小鼠(GEM)模型扩展了我们模拟人类癌症复杂性的能力(Gopinathan和Tuveson,2008; Zitvogel等人。,2016)。然而,GEM模型更昂贵,通常需要数月至一年才能开发肿瘤,并且具有关于肿瘤频率,潜伏期和生长异质性的缺点。相比之下,异种移植物较便宜,需要更少的时间建立肿瘤,并具有更好的再现性(Vandamme,2014)。在本方案中,我们描述了通过将人癌细胞注射到免疫受损小鼠中产生原位结肠直肠癌的程序(Tseng等人,2007; ...

Phagocytosis Assay of Microglia for Dead Neurons in Primary Rat Brain Cell Cultures
Author:
Date:
2016-04-20
[Abstract]  Clearance of dead brain tissue including the dead neurons through phagocytosis is an endogenous function of microglia in the brain, which is critical for inflammation resolution after ischemic stroke or head trauma. By regulating the function or polarization status of microglia, we may control their phagocytosis efficacy and therefore the cleanup process for the dead brain tissue. We cultured rat cortical neurons and microglia from the same litter of embryos. The cultured neurons are subjected to irradiation for inducing neuronal apoptosis. After labeling with propidium iodide (PI), the dead neurons (DNs) are exposed to the cultured microglia for phagocytosis assay. By counting the number of DNs in each microglia, we calculate the phagocytosis index to quantify the phagocytosis efficacy ... [摘要]  通过吞噬作用来清除包括死亡神经元在内的死亡脑组织是脑中小胶质细胞的内源性功能,这对缺血性卒中或头部创伤后的炎症分解至关重要。通过调节小胶质细胞的功能或极化状态,我们可以控制其吞噬功效,从而控制死脑组织的清除过程。我们从相同的胚胎培养大鼠皮质神经元和小胶质细胞。培养的神经元经受辐射诱导神经细胞凋亡。用碘化丙啶(PI)标记后,将死亡神经元(DN)暴露于培养的小神经胶质细胞进行吞噬试验。通过计算每个小胶质细胞中的DN数量,我们计算吞噬指数,以量化小胶质细胞对DN的吞噬功效。方案分为4个部分:A)从产前大鼠胚胎培养大鼠皮质神经元,B)将死亡神经元作为吞噬作用靶标,C)培养大鼠脑小胶质细胞,D)定量小神经胶质细胞向死亡神经元的吞噬指数。

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