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Glycine

甘氨酸

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: G7126
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Protocol for the Isolation and Super-resolution dSTORM Imaging of RyR2 in Cardiac Myocytes
Author:
Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Since its inception, super-resolution microscopy has played an increasingly important role in the discovery and characterization of nanoscale biological structure. dSTORM, which is one of the most commonly applied methods, relies on stochastic photoswitching of fluorophores to recreate a super-resolution image. The cardiac field has particularly benefitted from the application of this technique, as it has enabled sub-diffraction-limit visualization of calcium release units (CRUs) and the fundamental structures that trigger contraction. Acquisition of such images requires careful, reproducible sample preparation, and consistent imaging conditions maintained for the duration of the experiment. Here we present standardized methods for the production of dSTORM images of the Ca2+ ... [摘要]  自成立以来,超分辨率显微镜在纳米级生物结构的发现和表征中发挥着越来越重要的作用。 dSTORM是最常用的方法之一,它依赖于荧光团的随机光切换来重建超分辨率图像。心脏场特别受益于该技术的应用,因为它已经实现了钙释放单元(CRU)的子衍射极限可视化和触发收缩的基本结构。获取这些图像需要仔细,可重复的样品制备,并且在实验期间保持一致的成像条件。在这里,我们提出了生产心肌细胞中Ca 2 + 释放通道Ryanodine Receptor type-2(RyR2)的dSTORM图像的标准化方法。所提出的方案特别关注涉及原发性心肌细胞分离,样品制备和成像的步骤,其中提供了针对实验溶液和显微镜设置的细节。本讨论之后是各种分析技术的概述,以识别集群和CRU中的RyR2组织

【背景】近年来,超分辨率显微镜的普及率迅速提高。已经描述了各种超分辨率技术,其使光学分辨率远低于光的衍射极限,在某些情况下接近可通过电子显微镜获得的光学分辨率。总之,这些技术的出现导致了纳米级生物结构,结构域和蛋白质相互作用的新研究的爆炸式增长。一种流行的超分辨率技术是直接随机光学显微镜(dSTORM),与标准共聚焦显微镜相比,它将相对简单的样品处理的优势与分辨率提高了约10倍(van de Linde ...

Detection of Catalase Activity by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) in Cell Extracts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Author:
Date:
2018-06-05
[Abstract]  Bacteria in nature and as pathogens commonly face oxidative stress which causes damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. This damage is produced by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. ROS are generated by antimicrobials, environmental factors (e.g., ultraviolet radiation, osmotic stress), aerobic respiration, and host phagocytes during infective processes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a versatile bacterium, is a prevalent opportunistic human pathogen which possesses several defense strategies against ROS. Among them, two catalases (KatA and KatB) have been well characterized by their role on the defense against multiple types of stress. In this protocol, KatA and ... [摘要]  自然界中的细菌和病原体通常会面临氧化应激,导致蛋白质,脂质和DNA的损伤。 这种损害是由活性氧(ROS)如过氧化氢(H 2 O 2 2),单线态氧,超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的作用产生的。 ROS在感染过程中由抗菌剂,环境因素(例如,紫外线辐射,渗透压力),有氧呼吸和宿主吞噬细胞产生。 铜绿假单胞菌是一种多功能细菌,是一种普遍的机会性人类病原体,其具有针对ROS的几种防御策略。 其中,两种过氧化氢酶(KatA和KatB)在防御多种类型的压力方面的作用得到了很好的表征。 在该协议中,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测KatA和KatB活性。 还有人认为KatB的检测是难以捉摸的。

【背景】 P上。铜绿假单胞菌是一种无处不在的细菌,它可以以游离形式在陆地和水生栖息地中发现,或作为机会性人类病原体在免疫功能低下的个体,皮肤损伤或囊性纤维化患者中引起致命性感染。为了抵御其有氧代谢产生的ROS,寄主吞噬泡和环境因素,这种微生物具有多种抗氧化策略。其中,两个单功能的过氧化氢酶(KatA和KatB)负责将H 2 O分解成水和O 2。 KatA是主要的过氧化氢酶并具有独特的特征:它对H 2 O 2抗性,渗透保护和毒力非常稳定并且是必不可少的(Hassett等人 2000; Lee等人,2005)。有人认为,KatA的稳定性是正常生长条件下高水平活性的主要因素之一,因此, ...

The RiboPuromycylation Method (RPM): an Immunofluorescence Technique to Map Translation Sites at the Sub-cellular Level
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  While isotopic labeling of amino acids remains the reference method in the field for quantifying translation rate, it does not provide any information on spatial localization of translation sites. The rationale behind developing the ribopuromycylation method (RPM) was primarily to map translation sites at the sub-cellular level while avoiding detection of newly synthesized proteins released from ribosomes. RPM visualizes actively translating ribosomes in cells via standard immunofluorescence microscopy in fixed and permeabilized cells using a puromycin-specific monoclonal antibody to detect puromycylated nascent chains trapped on ribosomes treated with a chain elongation inhibitor. [摘要]  尽管氨基酸的同位素标记仍然是用于定量翻译速率的领域中的参考方法,但是其不提供关于翻译位点的空间定位的任何信息。 开发ribopuromycylation方法(RPM)的基本原理主要是在亚细胞水平上绘制翻译位点,同时避免检测从核糖体释放的新合成的蛋白质。 RPM通过使用嘌呤霉素特异性单克隆抗体的固定的和透化的细胞中的标准免疫荧光显微镜可视化主动翻译细胞中的核糖体以检测捕获在用链延长抑制剂处理的核糖体上的嘌呤化新生链。

【背景】几十年来,氨基酸的同位素标记被认为是研究蛋白质翻译的金标准。虽然这种方法已被证明是非常准确的评估翻译率,它没有提供翻译核糖体的位置信息。最近,氨基酸类似物使荧光检测新生链(Dieterich等人,2007)。然而,几乎所有检测到的信号都来自核糖体释放的多肽。我们最初的想法是开发一种方法来标记新生链,同时还束缚于翻译核糖体。

嘌呤霉素(PMY)是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,模拟带电荷的tRNA Tyr并掺入核糖体A位点。因此,PMY通过核糖体催化 - ...

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