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Sodium Hydroxide Solution (10N/Certified), Fisher Chemical

氢氧化钠溶液

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: SS255-1
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Preparation of Purified Gram-positive Bacterial Cell Wall and Detection in Placenta and Fetal Tissues
Author:
Date:
2016-12-05
[Abstract]  Cell wall is a complex biopolymer on the surface of all Gram-positive bacteria. During infection, cell wall is recognized by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 2 causing intense inflammation and tissue damage. In animal models, cell wall traffics from the blood stream to many organs in the body, including brain, heart, placenta and fetus. This protocol describes how to prepare purified cell wall from Streptococcus pneumoniae, detect its distribution in animal tissues, and study the tissue response using the placenta and fetal brain as examples. [摘要]  细胞壁是所有革兰氏阳性菌表面上的复杂生物聚合物。在感染期间,细胞壁被先天免疫受体Toll样受体2识别,引起强烈的炎症和组织损伤。在动物模型中,从血流到体内许多器官(包括脑,心脏,胎盘和胎儿)的细胞壁运输。该协议描述了如何从肺炎链球菌制备纯化的细胞壁,检测其在动物组织中的分布,并且使用胎盘和胎脑作为实例研究组织反应。
关键词: 细胞壁,肽聚糖,细菌炎症,神经增殖,胎儿神经发生,胎盘运输,Toll样受体2配体,肺炎链球菌

/strong>宿主对感染的反应涉及许多细菌组分的识别,包括细胞壁(CW),一种形成所有革兰氏阳性细菌表面的复合大分子。革兰氏阳性细菌的CW由肽聚糖和磷壁酸的共价网络形成。肺炎链球菌是肺炎,败血症和脑膜炎的主要原因,已经成为研究对包括CW在内的革兰氏阳性细菌感染的先天免疫反应的重要模式生物体。  当肺炎链球菌(肺炎球菌)感染时,CW成分在生长期或抗生素诱导的死亡期间从细菌释放,它在血流中循环并穿过细胞屏障,包括胎盘和血脑屏障。 CW组分具有等于或大于完整细菌的炎性活性(Tuomanen等人,1985a和1985b)。 ...

Separation and Detection of Phosphorylated and Nonphosphorylated BvgA, a Bordetella pertussis Response Regulator, in vivo and in vitro
Author:
Date:
2013-11-20
[Abstract]  Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in signal transduction in bacteria. However, separation and detection of the phosphorylated protein from its nonphosphorylated form remain challenging. Here we describe a method to detect phosphorylation of the Bordetella pertussis response regulator BvgA, which is phosphorylated at an aspartate residue (Boulanger et al., 2013). This method is based on the proprietary adduct, Phos-tagTM, a dinuclear metal complex, which together with Zn2+ or Mn2+, forms a complex with a phosphomonoesterdianion, such as the phosphorylated aspartate of a response regulator (Barbieri and Stock, 2008; Kinoshita and Kinoshita-Kikuta, 2011). For in vivo detection, B. pertussis cells are lysed in ... [摘要]  蛋白质磷酸化在细菌的信号转导中起着中心作用。然而,从其非磷酸化形式分离和检测磷酸化蛋白仍然是挑战性的。在这里我们描述了检测百日咳博德特氏菌响应调节剂BvgA的磷酸化的方法,其在天冬氨酸残基被磷酸化(Boulanger等人,2013)。该方法基于专有的加合物Phos-tag TM sup/TM,其是双核金属络​​合物,其与Zn 2+或Mn 2+反应, ,与磷酸二酯酶形成复合物,例如应答调节剂的磷酸化天冬氨酸(Barbieri和Stock,2008; Kinoshita和Kinoshita-Kikuta,2011)。对于体内检测,在4℃下在轻度甲酸中裂解百日咳细胞以使磷酸 - 天冬氨酸键的破坏最小化,并且通过包含Phos标签的电泳(SDS-PAGE)将磷酸化的BvgA从其非磷酸化形式分离> TM 。随后通过蛋白质印迹分析检测两种形式的BvgA。还容易实现在体外用乙酰磷酸盐处理后形成的磷酸化BvgA的水平的量化。因此,该技术允许容易地评估B中BvgA磷酸化的水平。百日咳和 。大肠杆菌在不同实验室条件下在体内或在不同反应条件下在体外磷酸化后(本研究部分由NIH的Intramural Research Programme支持, NIDDK)。

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