| An in vitro Model of Neuron-macrophage Interaction to Generate Macrophages with Neurite Outgrowth Properties
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Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract] Macrophages are known to play beneficial roles in axon regeneration after nerve injury. To develop an in vitro model in which injury signals can elicit pro-regenerative macrophage activation, we established co-cultures consisting of adult dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons and peritoneal macrophages and added cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP. The conditioned medium collected from the co-cultures exhibited robust neurite outgrowth activities. The neurite outgrowth activities were almost completely abrogated by addition of minocycline, a macrophage deactivator, indicating that factors responsible for neurite outgrowth are produced by activated macrophages.
[摘要] 已知巨噬细胞在神经损伤后的轴突再生中发挥有益作用。 为了开发一种体外模型，其中损伤信号可以引发再生巨噬细胞活化，我们建立了由成体背根神经节感觉神经元和腹膜巨噬细胞组成的共培养物，并加入cAMP类似物二丁酰基cAMP。 从共同培养物收集的条件培养基表现出强烈的神经突生长活动。 通过添加米诺环素（巨噬细胞减活剂）几乎完全消除神经突生长活动，表明负责神经突生长的因子是由活化的巨噬细胞产生的。
【背景】成年哺乳动物的CNS神经元在损伤后不会自发再生轴突。 预处理周围神经损伤允许背根神经节（DRG）感觉轴突通过促进再生相关基因的表达来再生中心分支。 我们以前已经表明，预处理损伤后DRG中的活化巨噬细胞有助于提高DRG感觉神经元的内在再生能力（Kwon等，2013）。 为了确定参与神经损伤后巨噬细胞活化的分子因子，我们开发了体外模型，其中神经元 - 巨噬细胞相互作用由cAMP引起，cAMP是增强神经元再生能力的众所周知的试剂。 与使用酵母聚糖激活巨噬细胞的以前的模型相比，我们的模型在预处理外周损伤模型中使用类似于分子事件的更多的生理刺激。
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| FACS-based Satellite Cell Isolation From Mouse Hind Limb Muscles
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Author:
Date:
2015-08-20
[Abstract] Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is a sensitive and accurate method for purifying satellite cells, or muscle stem cells, from adult mouse skeletal muscle (Liu et al., 2013; Sacco et al., 2008; Tierney et al., 2014). Mechanical and enzymatic digestion of hind limb muscles releases mononuclear muscle cells into suspension. This protocol employs fractionation strategies to deplete cells expressing the cell surface markers CD45, CD31, CD11b and Ly-6A/E-Sca1, both by magnetic separation and FACS-based exclusion, and positively select for cells expressing a7-integrin and CD34. This enables the researcher to successfully enrich satellite cells that uniformly express the paired-box transcription factor Pax7 and are capable of long-term self-renewal, skeletal ...
[摘要] 荧光活化细胞分选（FACS）是用于从成年小鼠骨骼肌纯化卫星细胞或肌肉干细胞的灵敏和精确的方法（Liu等人，2013; Sacco等人， ，2008; Tierney ，，2014）。 后肢肌肉的机械和酶消化将单核肌细胞释放到悬浮液中。 该方案采用分级分离策略，通过磁性分离和基于FACS的排除，耗尽表达细胞表面标记CD45，CD31，CD11b和Ly-6A/E-Sca1的细胞，并阳性选择表达α7-整联蛋白和CD34的细胞。 这使得研究者能够成功地富集均匀表达配对盒转录因子Pax7并且能够长期自我更新，骨骼肌修复和肌肉干细胞池再增殖的卫星细胞。
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| Immunoplaque Assay (Influenza Virus)
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Author:
Date:
2013-11-05
[Abstract] Despite developed long time ago, plaque assay is still the gold standard for viral titer quantification in modern virology. The standard crystal violet-based plaque assay relies on virus’ ability to induce cytopathic effect (CPE) which limits the assay to lytic viruses. Alternative viral quantification assays such as 50% tissue culture infectious assay (TCID50) and genetic material quantification by Q-PCR provide a different way of viral quantification with their own shortcoming. In here, we modified the fluorescent focus assay and developed an antibody-based immunoplaque assay which provides a reliable and reproducible viral quantification independent of CPE. Our assay not only allows accurate determination of viral titer, but also provides information on viral kinetics, ...
[摘要] 尽管发展很久以前，斑块测定仍然是现代病毒学病毒滴度量化的黄金标准。 标准的基于结晶紫的斑块测定依赖于病毒诱导细胞病变效应（CPE）的能力，其限制了对裂解病毒的测定。 替代性病毒定量测定如50％组织培养感染测定（TCID 50）和通过Q-PCR的遗传物质定量提供了具有其自身缺点的病毒定量的不同方式。 在这里，我们修改荧光焦点测定和开发基于抗体的免疫斑检测提供可靠和可重复的病毒定量独立于CPE。 我们的测定不仅允许病毒滴度的精确测定，而且提供关于病毒动力学，遗传稳定性和病毒种群的纯度的信息。
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