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Zoom Stereomicroscope

缩放立体显微镜

Company: Nikon
Catalog#: SMZ1500
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Preparation of Mosquito Salivary Gland Extract and Intradermal Inoculation of Mice
Author:
Date:
2017-07-20
[Abstract]  Mosquito-transmitted pathogens are among the leading causes of severe disease and death in humans. Components within the saliva of mosquito vectors facilitate blood feeding, modulate host responses, and allow efficient transmission of pathogens, such as Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya viruses, as well as Plasmodium parasites, among others. Here, we describe standardized methods to assess the impact of mosquito-derived factors on immune responses and pathogenesis in mouse models of infection. This protocol includes the generation of mosquito salivary gland extracts and intradermal inoculation of mouse ears. Ultimately, the information obtained from using these techniques can help reveal fundamental mechanisms of interaction between ... [摘要]  蚊子传播的病原体是人类严重疾病和死亡的主要原因之一。蚊子唾液中的组分促进血液供体,调节宿主反应,并允许有效传播病原体,如登革热,紫草,黄热病,西尼罗河,日本脑炎和基孔肯雅病毒,以及疟原虫寄生虫等。在这里,我们描述了评估蚊子衍生因子对小鼠感染模型中免疫反应和发病机制的影响的标准化方法。该方案包括产生蚊子唾液腺提取物和皮内接种小鼠耳朵。最终,使用这些技术获得的信息可以帮助揭示病原体,蚊子和哺乳动物宿主之间的相互作用的基本机制。此外,该协议还可以帮助建立疫苗或治疗剂的临床前检测改进的感染挑战模型,以考虑通过蚊子传播的自然途径。
【背景】在探测血液的同时,蚊子接种有助于喂养的唾液,但如果蚊子曾经感染过感染个体,也可能含有病原体。蚊子唾液在建立感染,促进传播,调节免疫应答和加剧西尼罗河病毒发病过程中发挥重要作用(Schneider等人,2006; Styer等人)。 ,2011),登革热病毒(Cox等人,2012; Conway等人,2014; McCracken等人,2014; Schmid ,2016),基孔肯雅病毒(Agarwal等人,2016),Semliki Forest病毒(Pingen等人,2016) ,裂谷热病毒(Le Coupanec等人,2013)和疟原虫寄生虫(Schneider等人,2011)感染。许多重要问题仍然存在,需要改进动物模型。
 而通过感染的蚊子接种最好地模仿自然传播,接种剂量的高度变异性和有限的昆虫设施的可用性导致这种程序的有限使用。此外,使用感染的蚊子时,不能控制唾液的含量和蚊子组分的存在或不存在。作为替代方案,未感染的雌性蚊子的“斑点喂养”,然后通过针对病原体进行真皮内接种,模拟了唾液在小鼠皮肤中的自然沉积并递送了一定剂量的病原体。 ...

Arabidopsis Seed Germination Assay with Gibberellic Acid
Author:
Date:
2016-11-20
[Abstract]  This assay analyzes Arabidopsis seed germination in response to gibberellic acid (GA). During seed imbibition, visible physiological changes allow precise determination of germination rate. This protocol utilizes a stereoscopic microscope to improve characterization of seed germination process. [摘要]  该测定分析响应于赤霉酸(GA)的拟南芥种子萌发。在种子吸水期间,可见的生理变化允许精确测定发芽率。该协议利用立体显微镜来改善种子发芽过程的表征。

[背景] 种子萌发是由植物激素(如GA和脱落酸(ABA))和环境因素控制的植物生命周期的关键过程。种子萌发包括两个生理过程,包括种皮(睾丸)和胚乳破裂。通常,胚乳通过胚根的渗透表明萌发是完全的。以前的研究通常使用胚乳破裂来计算发芽率。然而,种皮破裂也测量种子发芽的进展。该协议利用立体显微镜提供种子发芽的可见和精确计算,包括种皮和胚乳破裂的速率(Zhong等人,2015)。

Biolistic Bombardment for Co-expression of Proteins Fused to YFP and mRFP in Leaf Epidermal Cells of Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Red Mexican’
Author:
Date:
2014-01-05
[Abstract]  Biolistic bombardment is based on coating of tungsten or gold particles with DNA and delivery of these “biobullets” into living plant cells under high pressure (Sudowe and Reske-Kunz, 2013). This method enables transient expression of a DNA construct encoding fusion of the protein of interest to a fluorescence protein e.g. GFP for microscopic approaches. Usually it is performed for plants for which infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens does not work efficiently e.g. model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Ueki et al., 2009). Although transfection rate is relatively low, it is still sufficient to analyze subcellular localization of the protein of interest under a fluorescence microscope. Here we present the protocol that was optimized for Nicotiana ... [摘要]  生物轰击基于用DNA涂覆钨或金颗粒,并在高压下将这些"生物小球"递送到活的植物细胞中(Sudowe和Reske-Kunz,2013)。 该方法使得能够瞬时表达编码感兴趣的蛋白质与荧光蛋白例如GFP的融合物的DNA构建体用于显微方法。 通常,其对于用土壤杆菌根瘤土壤渗入不能有效工作的植物进行,例如模拟植物拟南芥(Ueki et al。 ,2009)。 虽然转染率相对较低,但仍然足以在荧光显微镜下分析目标蛋白的亚细胞定位。 在这里,我们提出针对 Nicotiana benthamiana 优化的方案,并成功地应用于 Phaseolus vulgaris (Giska ,2013)。

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