| A Microfluidic Device for Massively Parallel, Whole-lifespan Imaging of Single Fission Yeast Cells
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-05
[Abstract] Whole-lifespan single-cell analysis has greatly increased our understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cellular aging. To observe individual cells across their entire lifespan, all progeny must be removed from the growth medium, typically via manual microdissection. However, manual microdissection is laborious, low-throughput, and incompatible with fluorescence microscopy. Here, we describe assembly and operation of the multiplexed-Fission Yeast Lifespan Microdissector (multFYLM), a high-throughput microfluidic device for rapidly acquiring single-cell whole-lifespan imaging. multFYLM captures approximately one thousand rod-shaped fission yeast cells from up to six different genetic backgrounds or treatment regimens. The immobilized cells are fluorescently imaged for over a ...
[摘要] 整个寿命的单细胞分析极大地增加了我们对细胞老化等基本细胞过程的理解。为了观察整个寿命期间的个体细胞，必须从生长培养基中移除所有后代，通常通过手动显微切割。然而，手动显微切割费力，低通量，并且与荧光显微镜不兼容。在这里，我们描述了多路复用裂变酵母寿命显微解剖器（multFYLM）的组装和操作，这是一种用于快速获取单细胞全寿命成像的高通量微流体装置。 multFYLM从多达六种不同的遗传背景或治疗方案中捕获约一千个杆状裂殖酵母细胞。将固定的细胞荧光成像超过一周，而将子代细胞从装置中取出。得到的数据集产生记录每个细胞复制寿命的高分辨率多通道图像。我们预计multFYLM将广泛适用于裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）和其他对称分裂的单细胞生物的单细胞整个寿命研究。
【背景】细胞衰老导致细胞功能的累积下降，最终导致死亡。大多数关于细胞衰老的研究侧重于模型单细胞生物的复制寿命，例如出芽酵母酿酒酵母（Nyström和Liu，2014; Wasko和Kaeberlein，2014; Wierman和Smith，2014; Ruetenik和Barrientos ，2015）。细胞的复制寿命（RLS）被定义为母细胞在其生命过程中产生的女儿的数量（Henderson和Gottschling，2008; Sutphin等人，2014）。 ...
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| Ex vivo Analysis of Lipolysis in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Explants
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Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract] Most studies of human adipose tissue (AT) metabolism and functionality have been performed in vitro on isolated mature adipocyte or in situ using the microdialysis technique (Lafontan, 2012). However, these approaches have several limitations. The use of mature isolated adipocytes is limiting as adipocytes are not in their physiological environment and the collagenase digestion process could affect both adipocyte survival and functionality. While metabolic studies using microdialysis have brought the advantage of studying the lipolytic response of the adipose tissue in situ, it provides only qualitative measures but does not give any information on the contribution of different adipose tissue cell components. Moreover, the number of microdialysis probes that can ...
[摘要] 人脂肪组织（AT）代谢的上havebeen执行的大多数研究和功能的体外上分离的脂肪细胞成熟或原位使用微透析技术（Lafontan，2012）。但是，这些方法有几个限制。成熟的分离的脂肪细胞的使用是有限的，因为脂肪细胞不在其生理环境中，胶原酶消化过程可能影响脂肪细胞的存活和功能。虽然微透析代谢研究带来了学习原位脂肪组织中的的脂肪分解反应的优点的它仅提供定性的措施，但并没有给出不同的脂肪组织细胞成分的贡献的任何信息。此外，可以在受试者中同时使用的微透析探针的数量是有限的，并且可以受到局部血流量变化和微透析样品的分子大小截断的影响。在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以评估对脂肪组织的功能的体外在AT植允许脂肪组织的研究中其整个范围内，几个小时。此外，可以评估脂肪分解的细胞特异性影响。直接在脂肪组织基质血管室。在脂肪组织中（Gao等人，2016）。
【背景】人类白色脂肪组织（WAT）在体内能量平衡中起主要作用。脂肪细胞是表达特异性脂质处理代谢活动的特化细胞，构成超过90％的WAT体积（Lafontan，2012）。除了脂肪细胞，其他细胞类型是人类WAT中存在的例如，血管细胞，免疫细胞（淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞）和祖细胞在WAT重构和更新参与。脂肪细胞的代谢活动受到局部和全身途径整合的严格控制。在合成代谢或分解代谢条件影响调制的净脂肪细胞的代谢活性神经体液信号， I.E. ...
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| Spinal Cord Preparation from Adult Red-eared Turtles for Electrophysiological Recordings during Motor Activity
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Author:
Date:
2017-07-05
[Abstract] Although it is known that the generation of movements is performed to a large extent in neuronal circuits located in the spinal cord, the involved mechanisms are still unclear. The turtle as a model system for investigating spinal motor activity has advantages, which far exceeds those of model systems using other animals. The high resistance to anoxia allows for investigation of the fully developed and adult spinal circuitry, as opposed to mammals, which are sensitive to anoxia and where using neonates are often required to remedy the problems. The turtle is mechanically stable and natural sensory inputs can induce multiple complex motor behaviors, without the need for application of neurochemicals. Here, we provide a detailed protocol of how to make the adult turtle preparation, also ...
[摘要] 虽然已知在位于脊髓的神经元回路中很大程度地进行运动的产生，但是所涉及的机制仍不清楚。乌龟作为调查脊柱运动活动的示范系统具有优势，远远超过使用其他动物的模型系统。对缺氧的高抗性允许对完全发育和成年脊髓电路进行调查，而不是对缺氧敏感的哺乳动物，并且通常需要使用新生儿来补救问题。乌龟是机械稳定的，天然感觉输入可以诱导多种复杂的运动行为，而不需要神经化学物质的应用。在这里，我们提供了如何使成年龟准备的详细方案，也称为电生理调查的综合准备。在这里，通过机械感觉激活，通过细胞内，细胞外和电图记录来记录单细胞和网络活性，可以诱导后肢刮擦反射。该准备工作是由Petersen等人（2014）和Petersen和Berg（2016）以及其他正在进行的研究开发的。
【背景】脊髓电生理学的研究传统上与机械并发症有关，因为许多运动部件和脊柱的灵活性。为了规避这个问题，脊髓经常从柱中解剖出来并移动到可以进行稳定的电生理记录的室。然而，该过程具有缺点，例如，如果要研究多个电动机行为，则适当激活电动机电路是复杂的。此外，缺乏供血和缺乏氧气对电路的健康和完整性有严重影响。一个可以规避所有这些问题的实验模型是龟制剂（Keifer and ...
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