| In vitro assessment of ivermectin resistance and gene expression profiles of P-glycoprotein genes from Haemonchus contortus (L3)
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract] The aim of the present protocol is to improve the methodology to identify resistance to ivermectin (IVM), one of the main anthelmintic drugs against parasitic nematodes of ruminants, using the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus as biological model. The infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus are frequently selected to perform in vitro and molecular assays to analyze problems with drug resistance. This protocol describes the procedures to conserve the integrity and quality of H. contortus larvae in different experimental assays. Two nematode isolates, resistant and susceptible to IVM, are compared to estimate the lethal effect using IVM at 1.43, 2.85, 5.71 and 11.42 mM dilutions in the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 to conserve the ...
[摘要] [摘要]本协议的目的是使用血液喂养的线虫Haemonchus contortus作为生物学模型,改进鉴定对伊维菌素(IVM)的抗药性的方法,伊维菌素是针对反刍动物寄生线虫的主要驱虫药之一。的感染性幼虫(L 3 )的捻转血矛线虫,经常选择为PE rform体外和分子测定来分析与药物抗性的问题。该协议描述了保存捻转血吸虫完整性和质量的程序幼虫在不同的实验分析中。比较了两种对IVM具有抗药性和易感性的线虫分离物,以在非离子型清洁剂Triton X-100中以1.43、2.85、5.71和11.42 mM的IVM稀释度评估IVM的致死作用,以保留实验期间对照幼虫的活性。 (从24小时到72小时)。在过去的几十年中,使用IVM和其他驱虫药诊断的重要性要求确认易感菌株以评估最佳控制策略。中号矿石诊断的灵敏的方法是亲通过PCR技术和其他分子工具,如测序vided。在该方案中,使用10个主要的P-糖蛋白基因(1、2、3、4、9、10 ,11、12、14和16),使用逆转录和实时PCR(RT-qPCR),在与易受IVM侵害的线虫分离株相比,确认了捻转嗜血杆菌对IVM的抵抗力。
[背景] d ...
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| Murine Acute Pneumonia Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Animal infection models play significant roles in studying bacterial pathogenic mechanisms, host pathogen interaction as well as evaluating drug and vaccine efficacies. We have been utilizing an acute pneumonia model to study bacterial colonization in lungs and assess virulence to the host by determination of bacterial loads and survival assays, as well as examine the bacterial gene expression in vivo. Additionally, the host's immune response to the pathogen can be explored through this infection model.
[摘要] [摘要]动物感染模型在研究细菌致病机理,宿主病原体相互作用以及评估药物和疫苗效力方面起着重要作用。我们一直在利用急性肺炎模型来研究肺中的细菌定植并通过确定细菌载量和存活率分析来评估对宿主的毒力,以及检查体内细菌基因的表达。另外,可以通过这种感染模型探索宿主对病原体的免疫反应。
[背景]急性肺炎是指微生物病原体对肺部的急性感染。特别是医院获得性肺炎,通常是由耐多药病原体引起的,难以治疗。引起肺炎的常见细菌是铜绿假单胞菌,肺炎链球菌,A组链球菌,鲍曼不动杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎支原体(Ravi Kumar等,2018)。要制定有效的预防和治疗策略,了解细菌如何感测和适应宿主体内环境并抵消宿主免疫清除至关重要。目前,Ť这里有3吨肺炎模型YPES :一重击急性肺炎模型,呼吸机相关性肺炎模型和琼脂珠肺炎模型(比伦等人。,2017)。本文提到的模型属于单发性急性肺炎模型。有两种感染方法,一种是将细菌悬浮液直接注入气管或肺部。在这里,我们报道了另一种通过鼻孔接种细菌的方法,该方法相对容易实施。
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| Extracellular RNA Isolation from Biofilm Matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Most bacteria in natural ecosystems form biofilms-a bacterial community, surrounded by a polymer matrix that consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Extracellular RNA as a matrix component is involved in biofilm formation-the fact that was confirmed by direct detection of extracellular RNA in the biofilm matrix, and by an interruption of the biofilm's structure with RNases. Number of protocols describing isolation of RNA from biofilm matrix are limited and usually involve uncommon equipment and reagents. Here we describe simple method for extracellular RNA isolation from biofilm matrix using basic laboratory reagent and equipment. Key steps of the protocol include separation of matrix and bacterial cells with high ionic solution of NaCl, RNA precipitation with ...
[摘要] [摘要]自然生态系统中的大多数细菌形成生物膜 –一个细菌群落,周围环绕着聚合物基质,该基质主要由胞外多糖,蛋白质和核酸组成。细胞外RNA作为基质成分参与生物膜的形成,这一事实已通过直接检测生物膜基质中的细胞外RNA以及通过RNase破坏生物膜结构而得到证实。。描述从生物膜基质中分离RNA的方案数量有限,通常涉及不常见的设备和试剂。在这里,我们描述了使用基本的实验室试剂和设备从生物膜基质分离细胞外RNA的简单方法。该方案的关键步骤包括用高离子浓度的NaCl溶液分离基质和细菌细胞,用LiCl沉淀RNA,并选择使用廉价的色谱柱进行质粒DNA分离,而不是使用专门的RNA试剂盒进行纯化。所描述的方案允许在不到一天的时间内(不包括生物膜生长的时间)分离适用于进一步的分子生物学程序(例如测序,RT-PCR和克隆)的细胞外RNA。
[背景]生物膜基质可抵抗不同的影响(抗菌药物,消毒剂,机械力),并为协调协调不同过程创造了环境(Svenningsen,2018年)。RNA存在于细胞外生物膜基质中,并形成RNA-DNA的主要交联弹性共聚物(Seviour等,2019)。用核糖核酸酶处理生物膜导致生物膜质量的重大损失,并强调了RNA对于维持生物膜完整性的重要性(Lee等人,2019)。同时,RNA在生物膜基质中的来源和作用仍未得到很好的研究。
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