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Sodium Chloride

Company: NAKALAI TESQUE
Catalog#: 31320-05
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Live Cell FRET Analysis of the Conformational Changes of Human P-glycoprotein
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

The molecular mechanisms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; also known as MDR1 or ABCB1) have been mainly investigated using artificial membranes such as lipid-detergent mixed micelles, artificial lipid bilayers, and membrane vesicles derived from cultured cells. Although these in vitro experiments help illustrate details about the molecular mechanisms of P-gp, they do not reflect physiological membrane environments in terms of lateral pressure, curvature, constituent lipid species, etc. The protocol presented here includes a detailed guide for analyzing the conformational change of human P-gp in living HEK293 cells by using intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), in which excitation of the donor fluorophore is transferred to the acceptor without emission of a photon when two

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[摘要]  [摘要] P-糖蛋白(P-gp;也称为MDR1或ABCB1)的分子机制已主要使用人造膜进行研究,例如脂质去污剂混合胶束,人造脂质双层和源自培养细胞的膜囊泡。尽管这些体外实验有助于阐明有关P-gp分子机制的细节,但它们在侧向压力,曲率,脂质成分等方面并未反映出生理膜环境。 此处提供的协议包括一个详细的指南,该指南用于通过使用分子内荧光共振能量转移(FRET)分析活HEK293细胞中人P-gp的构象变化,其中供体荧光团的激发被转移到受体上而不发射光子当两个荧光蛋白非常接近时。将FRET分析与膜通透性相结合,可以在活细胞中评估小分子(如核苷酸)对构象变化的贡献。

[背景] P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的是ATP驱动药转运该压出各种疏水有毒化合物到细胞外空间。P-gp由形成底物转运途径的两个跨膜结构域(TMD)和结合并水解ATP的两个核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)组成。传输至少需要两个P-gp状态。在向内(药物转运前)构型中,两个NBD分开,两个TMD向细胞内侧开放;在向外(药物转运)构象中,NBD是二聚体的,而TMD在细胞外侧略微开放(Kodan et al。,2020 )。自从发现P-gp (Juliano和Ling,1976; Chen等,1986; Ueda等,1986 ...

CENP-C Phosphorylation by CDK1 in vitro
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  

Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis requires the kinetochore, a large protein complex, which makes a linkage between chromosomes and spindle microtubes. An essential kinetochore component, CENP-C, is phosphorylated by Cyclin-B-Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) that is a master kinase for mitotic progression, promoting proper kinetochore assembly during mitosis. Here, we describe an in vitro CDK1 kinase assay to detect CENP-C phosphorylation using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE without radiolabeled ATP. Our protocol has advantages in ease and safety over conventional phosphorylation assays using [γ-32P]-ATP, which has potential hazards despite their better sensitivity. The protocol described here can be applicable to other kinases and be also useful for analysis of phospho-sites in

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[摘要]  [摘要]在有丝分裂过程中,准确的染色体分离需要动线粒体(一种大型蛋白复合物),使染色体与纺锤体微管之间形成联系。必需的线粒体成分CENP-C被细胞周期蛋白B-细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)磷酸化,该激酶是有丝分裂进程的主要激酶,在有丝分裂过程中促进适当的线粒体组装。在这里,我们描述了一种体外CDK1激酶测定法,可使用Phos -tag SDS-PAGE检测CENP-C磷酸化而无放射性ATP 。ø乌尔协议具有使用[γ-在容易且安全优于常规磷酸化试验的优点32 P] -ATP ,其具有潜在危险,尽管其敏感性更高。该协议describ编这里可以适用于其他激酶并且也用于在基板磷酸位点的分析是有用的体外。


[背景]细胞周期蛋白-B细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(CDK1)是有丝分裂的主要调节剂,其磷酸化许多靶标以确保有丝分裂的进展(Nurse,1990 ; Malumbres and Barbacid ,2005 )。在有丝分裂期间,携带遗传信息的染色体被平均分为两个子细胞。线粒体是关键的大蛋白复合物,通过在染色体和纺锤体微管之间架桥来确保忠实的染色体分离(Fukagawa和Earnshaw,2014)。组成动线粒的各种蛋白质被CDK1磷酸化(Gascoigne等人,2013; Nishino等人,2013; Hara等人,2018b; ...

Native Co-immunoprecipitation Assay to Identify Interacting Partners of Chromatin-associated Proteins in Mammalian Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract]  

Protein-protein interactions play key roles in nuclear processes including transcription, replication, DNA damage repair, and recombination. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by western blot or mass spectrometry is an invaluable approach to identify protein-protein interactions. One of the challenges in the Co-IP of a protein localized to nucleus is the extraction of nuclear proteins from sub-nuclear fractions without losing physiologically relevant protein interactions. Here we describe a protocol for native Co-IP, which was originally used to successfully identify previously known as well novel topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) interacting proteins. In this protocol, we first extracted nuclear proteins by sequentially increasing detergent and salt concentrations, the extracted fractions were

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[摘要]  [摘要]蛋白质间相互作用 在核过程中起关键作用,包括转录,复制,DNA损伤修复和重组。免疫共沉淀(Co-IP),然后进行蛋白质印迹或质谱分析是鉴定蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的宝贵方法。在Co-IP中定位于细胞核的蛋白质中的挑战之一是从亚核级分中提取核蛋白质,而又不会失去生理上相关的蛋白质相互作用。在这里,我们描述了一种用于天然Co-IP的协议,该协议最初用于成功地识别以前称为新拓扑拓扑异构酶1(TOP1)相互作用的蛋白质。在此协议中,我们首先通过依次增加去污剂和盐浓度来提取核蛋白,然后将提取的级分稀释,合并并用于Co-IP。该协议可用于鉴定多种哺乳动物细胞中其他染色质相关蛋白的蛋白相互作用组。


背景]钴- IP被广泛地被使用,以解开的错综复杂的关系之间的蛋白复合物和各种染色质交易期间的复制,转录,和基因组的维护。但是,它是具有挑战性的,以保持不稳定的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的完整过程中提取,免疫沉淀和一个共同的IP实验的洗涤步骤。稳定不稳定蛋白质相互作用的一种方法是在细胞裂解之前用细胞可渗透的可逆化学交联剂(例如丙酸二硫代双琥珀酰亚胺酯)处理细胞(Smith等人,2011)。由于该方法伴随着诸如提取效率低和非特异性蛋白质捕获之类的缺点,因此优选不交联的Co-IP(天然IP)。

一核蛋白质可以被分配到不同的子-核舱或染色质区域是需要不同程度的严格性为它的提取和溶解。对于例如,TOP ...

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