| Non-radioactive Assay to Determine Product Profile of Short-chain Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases
|
|
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract] Isoprenoids represent the largest class of metabolites with amazing diversities in structure and function. They are involved in protecting plants against pathogens or herbivores or involved in attracting pollinators. Isoprenoids are derived from geranyl diphosphate (GPP; C10), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP; C15), geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP; C20), and geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFPP; C25) that are in turn formed by sequential condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP; C5) with an allylic acceptor such as dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP; C5), GPP, FPP, or GGPP in a reaction catalyzed by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs). IDS enzyme assay for determination of prenyl diphosphate products is generally performed ...
[摘要] [Abstrac吨]类异戊二烯代表最大的一类代谢物在结构和功能惊人多样性。它们参与保护植物免受病原体或草食动物侵害，或参与吸引传粉媒介。（;çGPP类异戊二烯是从牻牛儿基二磷酸衍生的10 ），法呢基二磷酸（FPP;Ç 15 ），香叶基香叶基二磷酸（GGPP;Ç 20 ），和geranylfarnesyl二磷酸（GFPP; C ^ 25 ），它们又通过的顺序缩合形成异戊烯基二甲基磷酸酯（IPP; C 5 ）与烯丙基受体，例如二磷酸二甲基烯丙酯（DMAPP; C 5），GPP，FPP或GGPP）由异戊二烯基二磷酸合酶（IDS）催化的反应。用于确定异戊二烯基二磷酸酯产物的IDS酶测定法通常是使用放射性标记的底物进行的，并且所形成的产物是通过使用昂贵的仪器（例如磷光成像仪，radio-GC或radio-HPLC）来鉴定的。尽管已经报道了一种用于测量粗植物提取物中IDS活性的非放射性测定方法，但它需要使用色谱结合串联质谱（LC / MS-MS）的复杂方法。在这里，我们描述了用于确定使用非放射性标记的IPP及其共同烯丙基底物DMAPP，GPP的IDS分析产物非放射性和简单廉价的测定法，和FPP。在测定中生成的异戊二烯基二磷酸产物的检测非常高效，并且在浓度大于40 µM的IPP和DMAPP / GPP / ...
|
|
|
| Generation of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) Using Polyacrylamide Gels
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are a widely used model system for a range of applications including membrane biophysics, drug delivery, and the study of actin dynamics. While several protocols have been developed for their generation in recent years, the use of these techniques involving charged lipid types and buffers of physiological ionic strength has not been widely adopted. This protocol describes the generation of large numbers of free-floating GUVs, even for charged lipid types and buffers of higher ionic strength, using a simple approach involving soft polyacrylamide (PAA) gels. This method entails glass cover slip functionalization with (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde to allow for covalent bonding of PAA onto the glass surface. After polymerization ...
[摘要] [摘要]巨型单层囊泡（GUV）是一种广泛使用的模型系统，其应用范围包括膜生物物理学，药物递送以及肌动蛋白动力学研究。虽然一些协议已经为他们这一代人在最近几年已开发，利用这些T的echniques涉及带电脂质的类型和生理离子强度缓冲液一直没有得到广泛的广告Ø PTED。Thi的方案描述了使用包括聚丙烯酰胺（PAA）凝胶的简单方法，即使对于带电荷的脂质类型和更高离子强度的缓冲液，也产生了大量的自由浮动GUV。此方法需要使用（3-氨基丙基）三甲氧基硅烷（APTES）和戊二醛对玻璃盖玻片进行功能化，以允许将PAA共价键合到玻璃表面上。PAA聚合后，将凝胶真空干燥。随后，将选择的脂质均匀地分散在干燥的凝胶表面上，并且可以使用具有不同离子强度的缓冲液来重新水化凝胶并形成GUV。该协议对于在生理条件下生产大量由不同脂质组成的自由浮动GUV而言是可靠的。它可以方便地用常用的实验室试剂进行。
[背景】虽然温和的水化和电铸是两个巨的最常用的方法单层囊泡（GUV）的形成，只有少数研究，报告其使用带电脂质类型和斯坦因的生理离子强度缓冲液（等人。，2017; ...
|
|
|