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Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2·6H2O)

Company: Merck
Catalog#: M2670
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Polyamine Transport Assay Using Reconstituted Yeast Membranes
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

ATP13A2/PARK9 is a late endo-/lysosomal P5B transport ATPase that is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We recently characterized ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter, which sheds light on the molecular identity of the unknown mammalian polyamine transport system. Here, we describe step by step a protocol to measure radiolabeled polyamine transport in reconstituted vesicles from yeast cells overexpressing human ATP13A2. This protocol was developed as part of our recent publication (van Veen et al., 2020) and will be useful for characterizing the transport function of other putative polyamine transporters, such as isoforms of the P5B transport ATPases.

[摘要]  [摘要] ATP13A2 / PARK9是一种晚期内/溶酶体P5B转运ATPase,与多种神经退行性疾病有关。我们最近将ATP13A2表征为溶酶体多胺出口者,这为未知的哺乳动物多胺转运系统的分子身份提供了线索。在这里,我们逐步描述了从过量表达人ATP13A2的酵母细胞中测量重组囊泡中放射性标记的多胺转运的方案。该方案是我们最新出版物的一部分(van Veen等,2020),将有助于表征其他假定的多胺转运蛋白的转运功能,例如P5B转运ATPase的同工型。


[背景] ATP13A2 / PARK9编码一种普遍表达的晚期内-/溶酶体膜蛋白,与一系列神经退行性疾病有关,例如早发性帕金森氏病(Di Fonzo等,2007 ;Lin等,2008)和Kufor -Rakeb综合征(伴痴呆的早期帕金森病)(Ramirez等,2006 ;Park等,2011)。ATP13A2属于P型转运ATPase ,是一类活性转运蛋白,由于ATP水解而暂时形成磷酸中间产物(Kuhlbrandt ,2004年)。ATP13A2是P5亚家族的成员,该家族已在20多年前通过基因组测序鉴定出来(Axelsen和Palmgren ...

A Quantitative Assay to Measure Stress Granule Association of Proteins and Peptides in Semi-permeabilized Human Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract]  

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles that form in the cytoplasm through phase separation, in response to diverse stressors. SGs contain translationally stalled mRNAs, proteins involved in translation, and various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Due to the high local concentration of aggregation-prone RBPs, SGs might act as condensation sites for aberrant phase transitions of RBPs and could favor formation of solid protein aggregates underlying the pathological cytoplasmic inclusions found in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Most assays aiming at studying the recruitment of RBPs into SGs are based on overexpression and SG recruitment of RBPs in intact cells. These approaches are, however, often limited by the predominantly nuclear localization of many RBPs, which precludes

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[摘要]  [摘要]圣RESS颗粒剂(SGS)是膜较少细胞器形式在通过相分离细胞质中,响应于不同的压力源。SG包含翻译停滞的mRNA,翻译中涉及的蛋白和各种RNA结合蛋白(RBP)。由于易于凝集的RBP的局部浓度很高,SG可能充当RBP异常相变的缩合位点,并且可能有助于形成在许多神经退行性疾病中发现的病理性细胞质内含物的固体蛋白质聚集体。大多数分析瞄准荷兰国际集团在研究限制性商业惯例的招募SG的基础上表达和SG招聘完整细胞的限制性商业惯例。但是,这些方法通常受到许多RBP的主要核定位的限制,这排除了足以进行SG定位的细胞质RBP浓度,并且没有解决独立于SG形成的RBP募集问题。在这里,我们提出了一个定量的方法来评估重组限制性商业惯例的募集至预先形成的SG,独立于RBP的核定位,用半透细胞和荧光显微镜。在该测定中,SG被第一LY由应激诱导的,然后第质膜ë应激的细胞随后被选择性地透化,以提供重组蛋白的访问的SG。通过用小麦胚芽凝集素阻塞核孔来阻止目的蛋白的核输入。这种测定方法使人们能够定量研究在没有核导入且在受控条件下将RBP募集到SG中的分子机制。该方法允许对野生型,突变体或直接比较翻译后修饰的限制性商业惯例,用于解决第其它蛋白质电子影响“预防或促进限制性商业惯例的SG关联,并且也适用于合成的肽。

图形摘要:

工作流概述在半SG招募重组蛋白质或肽的分析透化细胞 ...

Preparation of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Characterisation of Periplasmic Proteins in Their Native Environment
Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract]  

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally formed by budding from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. OMVs consist of a lipid bilayer identical in composition to the original outer membrane and contain periplasmic content within their lumen. Enriched with specific envelope proteins, OMVs make for an excellent native-like platform to study these proteins in-situ using biophysical methods. Here, we describe in detail the preparation of OMVs from Escherichia coli, which are luminally enriched with periplasmic proteins and uniformly labeled with stable isotopes (2H and 15N), suitable for the subsequent characterisation of proteins at atomic resolution in their native environment by solution-state NMR spectroscopy. The ability to perform structural studies of periplasmic

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[摘要]  [摘要]细菌外膜囊泡(OMV)是由革兰氏阴性细菌的外膜出芽自然形成的。OMV由组成与原始外膜相同的脂质双层组成,并且在其内腔中含有周质成分。OMV富含特定的包膜蛋白,是使用生物物理方法原位研究这些蛋白的绝佳天然样平台。在这里,我们详细描述了从大肠杆菌制备OMV的方法,该方法在光亮时富含周质蛋白,并用稳定的同位素(2 H和15 N)均匀标记,适用于后续表征溶液状态NMR光谱分析天然环境中蛋白质的原子分辨率。执行周质成分的结构研究的能力,现场清除的方式来REAC兴的这种独特的细胞室的功能和机理细节的深入了解。

[背景]革兰氏阴性菌的周质是一个相当了不起的细胞室。这个空间中,内和外细菌膜之间禁闭,包含在抽蛋白一个ö ř dinarily高浓度超过300毫克毫升-1 (奥利弗,1996) ,并且在不存在的细胞来源,如ATP,功能几乎大力独立从其胞质对应物。到目前为止,有关周质蛋白的结构知识是使用从其天然环境分离的纯化蛋白专门获得的。因此,这种特殊环境可能对蛋白质施加的任何结构和功能影响在纯化过程中都会丢失。由于周质的体积比低,阻碍了使用生物物理方法如细胞内NMR光谱原位研究周质蛋白的努力,周质的体积比仅占细菌总体积的5-1 0%(Brass等,1986)。 )。

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