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β-mercaptoethanol

2-巯基乙醇

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: M6250
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Molecular Size Analysis of Recombinant Importin-histone Complexes Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation
Author:
Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Histones constitute the protein components of nucleosomes. Despite their small sizes, histones do not diffuse through the nuclear pore complex. Instead, they are transported to the nucleus by importins, either alone or in complex with histone chaperones. Determining the molecular size of the importin-histone complexes is key to understanding the mechanism of histone transport and also the potential roles of importins as histone chaperones and in the assembly of nucleosomes. Here we report a simple and reproducible sedimentation-velocity based method to determine the molecular sizes of importin-histone complexes using analytical ultracentrifugation. The method does not use any reporter tags or interaction with column resin thereby analyzing the interactions of the native proteins. [摘要]  [摘要] 组蛋白构成核小体的蛋白质成分。尽管其尺寸很小,但组蛋白不会通过核孔复合物扩散。取而代之的是,它们单独或与组蛋白分子伴侣复合地被重要蛋白转运至细胞核。确定importin-histone复合物的分子大小是理解组蛋白转运机制的关键,也是importins作为组蛋白伴侣和在核小体组装中的潜在作用的关键。在这里,我们报告了一种简单且可重现的沉降速度为基础的方法,该方法使用分析超速离心法来确定importin-histone配合物的分子大小。该方法不使用任何报告子标签或与色谱柱树脂的相互作用,从而分析了天然蛋白质的相互作用。

[背景] 核小体是真核染色质的最基本的结构和功能单元。组蛋白H2A,H2B,H3和H 4是核小体的蛋白质成分。每个核包括147个碱基的DNA wrapp的对编绕Ñ H3-H4四聚体和H2A-H2B二聚体的两个拷贝(Luger的等人,1997年一)。像细胞中的其他蛋白质一样,组蛋白在细胞质中合成。然而,核小体组装在核中。尽管它们的小尺寸(单体是10-15 kDa)的,组蛋白不通过核孔复合物扩散,而是可以单独使用或在复合物与由组蛋白importins伴侣输送要么(约翰逊-SAL IBA 等人,2000 ; Baake 等等人,2001;Mosammaparast 等人,2001,2002a和2002b;Muhlhausser ...

Cell-free Reconstitution of the Packaging of Cargo Proteins into Vesicles at the trans Golgi Network
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Protein sorting at the trans Golgi network (TGN) plays important roles in targeting newly synthesized proteins to their specific destinations. The aim of this proposal is to reconstitute the packaging of non-Golgi resident cargo proteins into vesicles at the TGN, utilizing rat liver cytosol, semi-intact mammalian cells and nucleotides. The protocol describes how to perform the vesicle formation assay, how to isolate vesicles and how to detect cargo proteins in vesicles. This reconstitution assay can be used to quantitatively measure the efficiency of the packaging of a specific cargo protein into transport vesicles at the TGN under specific experimental conditions. [摘要]  [摘要] 反式高尔基体网络(TGN)上的蛋白质分选在将新合成的蛋白质靶向其特定目的地方面起着重要作用。该提议的目的是利用大鼠肝细胞溶质,半完整的哺乳动物细胞和核苷酸,在TGN处将非高尔基驻留的货物蛋白重新包装成囊泡。该协议描述了如何进行囊泡形成测定,如何分离囊泡以及如何检测囊泡中的货物蛋白。该重构测定法可用于定量测量在特定实验条件下将特定货物蛋白包装到TGN的运输小泡中的效率。

[背景] 的反式高尔基体网络(TGN)是在分泌运送路径的必要的交通枢纽。为了确保水泡运输的保真度,真核细胞利用各种蛋白质分选设备将特定的货物蛋白质准确地包装到TGN的运输小泡中,然后运至特定的目的地(Guo 等人,2014)。为了加深我们对TGN分选过程特异性的理解,重要的是开发一种能够忠实地重构TGN囊泡形成和货物分选过程的分析方法。该测定法可用于直接和定量地测量特定因子在调节特定货物蛋白包装到运输小泡中的作用。从内质网(ER)将货物蛋白包装到COPII囊泡中的无细胞重构已得到很好的建立(Kim 等,2005; Kim 等,2007; Merte 等,2010; Yuan 等。,2018;Niu 等,2019;)。已经开发出一种体外测定法,其在TGN处重构特定货物蛋白TGN46在运输小泡中的释放(Ponnambalam 等,1996;Wakana ...

Expression and Ni-NTA-Agarose Purification of Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus E2 Ectodomain Produced in a Baculovirus Expression System
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  In this protocol, we describe the production and purification of the ectodomain of the E2661 envelope protein (amino acids 384-661) of the Hepatitis C virus, which plays a fundamental role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. This protein has been expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems but in small quantities or without native protein characteristics. In our case, we use the Baculovirus expression system in insect cells. E2661 is secreted into the extracellular medium and purified by means of affinity chromatography a Ni-NTA-column because the protein has a tag of six histidines at its amino terminal end. The purified protein possesses a native-like conformation and it is produced in large quantities, around 5-6 mg per liter. [摘要]  在该协议中,我们描述了丙型肝炎病毒的E2 661 包膜蛋白(氨基酸384-661)的胞外域的产生和纯化,其在病毒进入中起基础作用。 进入宿主细胞。 该蛋白质已经在原核和真核系统中表达,但是少量或没有天然蛋白质特征。 在我们的例子中,我们在昆虫细胞中使用杆状病毒表达系统。 E2 661 被分泌到细胞外培养基中并通过亲和层析Ni-NTA-柱纯化,因为该蛋白质在其氨基末端具有六个组氨酸的标签。 纯化的蛋白质具有天然样构象,并且大量生产,每升约5-6mg。
【背景】丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是全世界慢性肝炎,肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因(Major et al。,2001; Alter,2006)。此时,没有HCV疫苗,抗病毒药物用于治疗HCV感染(Imran et al。,2014)。然而,治疗费用昂贵且不是100%有效(Kohli et al。,2014)。 HCV包膜糖蛋白E2负责与细胞受体的相互作用,因此它是研究病毒感染周期的第一步的主要候选者。由于糖基化和聚集,先前的表达系统产生低水平的异质蛋白质,并且难以区分经历生产性和非生产性折叠的分子(Flint ...

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