| Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) Cargo Sorting Assay for Live-cell Vesicle Tracking in the Secretory Pathway Using HeLa Cells
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2021-03-20
[Abstract] More than 30% of the total amount of proteins synthesized in mammalian cells follow the secretory pathway in order to mature and be properly sorted to their final destinations. Among several methodologies that describe live-cell monitoring of vesicles, the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system is a powerful one that allows to visualize cargo trafficking under physiological conditions. The present protocol describes a method to use the RUSH system in live-cell microscopy and a subsequent quantitative analysis of cargo vesicles to dissect protein trafficking. In brief, HeLa cells are transiently transfected with an MMP2-RUSH construct and vesicle trafficking is evaluated by wide-field microscopy, recording videos in 1-min time frames for 45 min. We also present a quantitative ...
[摘要] [摘要]在哺乳动物细胞中合成的蛋白质总量中,有30%以上遵循分泌途径,以成熟并正确分类至其最终目的地。在描述对囊泡进行活细胞监控的几种方法中,使用选择性钩子保留(RUSH )系统是一种功能强大的系统,可在生理条件下可视化货物运输。本协议描述了一种在活细胞显微镜中使用RUSH系统的方法,以及随后对货物囊泡进行定量分析以剖析蛋白质运输的方法。简而言之,用MMP2-RUSH构建体瞬时转染HeLa细胞,并通过宽视场显微镜评估囊泡运输,在1分钟的时间范围内录制视频45分钟。我们还提出了一种定量方法,可用于鉴定未表征的蛋白质货物的动力学,以及评估更详细的过程,例如ER到高尔基小泡的运输。
图形摘要:
活细胞RUSH:一种监测分泌途径中实时蛋白质运输的工具
[背景技术[ 0002 ]在哺乳动物细胞中合成的蛋白质总量中,超过30%遵循分泌途径(Pfeffer,2010; Boncompain和Weigel,2018)。通过这种途径,蛋白质通过从ER转运并沿着不同的高尔基体堆积而成熟,直到它们到达反式高尔基体网络(TGN),在那里最终将它们分类并包装成小泡,然后将其输送到细胞内的其他细胞器中,或者到细胞外环境(Glick and Luini,2011; Pantazopoulou and ...
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| Investigate Synaptic Vesicles Mobility in Neuronal Culture Axons by FRAP Imaging
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2021-03-20
[Abstract] Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are clustered in the presynaptic terminals and consistently trafficking along axons. Based on their release features, SVs are classified into different “pools”. Imaging of SVs that are traveling among multiple presynaptic terminals has helped define a new pool named “SV super-pool”. Here we describe a Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) approach to elucidate the relationship between SVs from the super-pool with SV clusters at presynaptic terminals. This method is powerful to investigate SV mobility regulation mechanisms.
[摘要] [摘要]突触小泡(SVs)聚集在突触前的末端,并沿轴突持续运输。根据其发布功能,SV分为不同的“池”。在多个突触前末端之间传播的SV的成像已帮助定义了一个名为“ SV超级池”的新池。在这里,我们描述了一种光漂白后的荧光恢复(FRAP)方法,以阐明超池中的SV与突触前末端的SV簇之间的关系。该方法对于研究SV迁移率调节机制非常有效。
[背景]突触小泡(SVs)是通过神经递质的储存和释放参与神经传递的关键细胞器。SV大多在邻近突触前末端活动区的簇中识别。在电子显微镜(EM)下,SV具有直径为40-50nm的均匀外观(Landis等,1988; Korogod等,2015)。据我们所知,SV之间没有明显的生化区别。在不同的刺激范式下,它们显示出不同的释放特性。因此,SV被分为不同的功能池:储备池,回收池和易于释放池(图1)(Denker和Rozzoli,2010)。EM深入研究了详细的突触结构,SV定位,SV释放机制。发现SV通过细丝与一个或两个相邻的囊泡相连,突触素被认为是连接器的一部分,并且将SV保持在储备池中(Siksou et al。,2007)。超结构研究也揭示了SV对接和融合的分子步骤的解剖(Imig等人,2014)。SV与质膜的融合将酸性管腔(pH约为5 .0 ...
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| Multilayered Fabrication Assembly Technique to Engineer a Corneal Stromal Equivalent
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Author:
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2021-03-20
[Abstract] Tissue engineering has emerged as a strategy to combat the donor shortage of human corneas for transplantation. Synthetic corneal substitutes are currently unable to support the normal phenotype of human cells and so decellularized animal corneas have been deployed to more closely provide the topographical and biochemical cues to promote cell attachment and function. Although full thickness decellularized corneas can support corneal cells, the cells are slow to populate the scaffold and density declines from the surface. To avoid these problems, this protocol describes the stacking of alternate layers of decellularized porcine corneal sheets and cell-laden collagen hydrogel to produce a corneal construct. The sheets are obtained by cryosectioning porcine corneas, decellularizing them with ...
[摘要] [摘要]组织工程学已成为一种解决人类角膜移植供体短缺的策略。合成的角膜替代物目前不能支持人类细胞的正常表型,因此已经使用脱细胞的动物角膜来更紧密地提供地形和生化线索以促进细胞附着和功能。尽管全厚度的脱细胞角膜可以支持角膜细胞,但这些细胞填充支架的速度很慢,并且密度从表面降低。为了避免这些问题,该协议描述了脱细胞层的交替层的堆叠 猪角膜片和载有细胞的胶原蛋白水凝胶可产生角膜构建体。通过将猪角膜冷冻切片,用去污剂和核酸酶使它们脱细胞,最后进行空气干燥以储存和易于制造,从而获得了薄片。然后将角膜基质细胞封装在I型胶原溶液中,并在这些薄片之间进行浇铸。该协议提出了一种快速的方法,以确保仅使用组织来源的材料即可在整个构建体中获得高细胞度。
图形摘要:
获得角膜基质等效物的主要过程概述
[背景]角膜失明影响着全球数百万人,治疗主要依赖于人类供体角膜的移植(Gain等人,2016)。由于这些捐赠是稀缺的,因此需要基于生物材料的组织工程学的替代方案。正在开发各种各样的策略和材料来工程化角膜组织,一种有前途的方法是使用脱细胞的动物角膜(Fernández- Pérez和Ahearne ...
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